SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA
OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT
SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY
UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA
SUPREME ACADEMIC AUTHORITY
GENERAL ACADEMIC REGISTER
GENERAL ARCHIVES OF THE STATE
SUPREME DOCTRINE OF INDIGENOUS TERRITORIAL EDUCATION
ON THE TERRITORIAL CHARACTER OF THE UNIVERSITY; THE INDIGENOUS CONSTITUTION OF KNOWLEDGE; THE NON-REPRODUCTION OF INAPPLICABLE EXTERNAL ACADEMIC MODELS; THE INTEGRATION OF ANCESTRAL CUSTOMS, COLLECTIVE EXPERIENCE, TERRITORIAL CONDITIONS, SYSTEMS OF LIFE, SPIRITUAL ORDER, POLITICAL THOUGHT AND INDIGENOUS CONCEPTIONS OF THE WORLD INTO THE ENTIRE ACADEMIC ORDER OF XARAGUA
Official Classification: Supreme Academic Doctrine — Indigenous Territorial Education Instrument — Constitutional Curriculum Authority — Academic Non-Assimilation Statute — Permanent University Policy
Supreme Constitutional Authority: Office of the Rector-President
Supreme Academic Authority: University of Xaragua
Territorial Scope: Entire Ancestral Territory, Academic Order, Faculty System, Microprogram Bank and Institutional Knowledge Domain of Xaragua
Archival Depositary: General Archives of the State
Permanent Registry: General Academic Register
Normative Status: Permanent and Governing Doctrine of the University of Xaragua
PREAMBLE
The Sovereign Catholic Indigenous and Private State of Xaragua,
Recognizing the University of Xaragua as the supreme academic institution of its constitutional order and as the principal authority charged with producing, organizing, preserving, transmitting and developing the knowledge required for the continuity of the Indigenous People of Xaragua;
Affirming that education is never institutionally neutral, territorially disembodied or culturally without origin, and that every educational system necessarily reflects a conception of knowledge, society, authority, history, economy, territory, personhood, nature and collective existence;
Determining that academic models established for foreign populations, external economies, industrial societies, metropolitan labour markets, centralized administrative systems and materially distinct territorial environments cannot be reproduced indiscriminately within Xaragua;
Rejecting the mechanical transplantation of programmes, curricula, pedagogical structures, professional classifications and institutional priorities conceived without reference to the history, customs, conditions, aspirations and collective rights of the Indigenous People;
Affirming that the University derives its academic orientation from the ancestral territory, the constitutional order, the historical experience, the customary institutions, the Catholic foundation, the material conditions and the Indigenous conception of collective life proper to Xaragua;
Recognizing that the ancestral territory is not merely the physical location in which education occurs, but a constitutive source of knowledge, obligation, identity, jurisdiction, production, memory and intergenerational continuity;
Acting pursuant to Articles 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 20, 25, 26, 29, 31, 32, 33 and 34 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples concerning self-determination, autonomy, cultural continuity, Indigenous educational systems, territorial relations, traditional knowledge, institutional development and the authority of Indigenous peoples to determine their identities, priorities and systems of governance;
Applying Articles VI, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XIX, XXI, XXIII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX and XXXI of the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples concerning collective identity, Indigenous spirituality, education, knowledge systems, cultural heritage, territorial rights, autonomous institutions and development priorities;
Incorporating the principles contained in Articles 5, 7, 8, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 of International Labour Organization Convention No. 169 concerning respect for Indigenous values, social practices, institutions, vocational requirements, educational participation, language, history, knowledge and territorial conditions;
Affirming the right of the Indigenous People of Xaragua to establish an academic order conceived from within its own civilizational, territorial and institutional vision;
Hereby DECLARES, ESTABLISHES AND ORDERS the following Supreme Doctrine of Indigenous Territorial Education.
ARTICLE I — TERRITORIAL CHARACTER OF THE UNIVERSITY
The University of Xaragua is a territorial university.
Its academic identity, institutional jurisdiction, curricular priorities and methods of knowledge production proceed from the ancestral territory of Xaragua and from the historical, cultural, ecological, political, economic and spiritual relationships through which the Indigenous People has occupied, understood, governed and transmitted that territory.
Territorial character shall not be reduced to the geographic location of a campus, the address of an administrative office or the physical residence of a student. It constitutes the permanent integration of land, waters, mountains, coasts, islands, settlements, communities, resources, customary relations, historical memory and collective institutions into the academic structure of the University.
Every Faculty, Department, School, Institute, Centre, programme, microprogramme, course, research project and credential pathway shall be interpreted according to this territorial character.
ARTICLE II — INDIGENOUS CONSTITUTION OF KNOWLEDGE
The academic order of Xaragua shall be conceived from an Indigenous vision of knowledge.
Knowledge shall not be treated as a collection of abstract disciplines detached from the people, institutions and territory to which it is applied. It shall be organized as an intergenerational public capacity through which Xaragua understands its past, governs its present conditions, protects its collective existence and prepares its institutional future.
The Indigenous constitution of knowledge includes:
a) the authority of the People to identify the knowledge necessary to its continuity;
b) the preservation and development of ancestral, customary, territorial, agricultural, maritime, medicinal, ecological, historical, juridical, spiritual and political knowledge;
c) the classification of knowledge according to the institutional and material requirements of Xaragua;
d) the integration of written sources, oral traditions, customary practices, territorial observation, collective memory, scientific methods, documentary archives and lived experience;
e) the recognition of the territory as a source of evidence, meaning and obligation;
f) the protection of Indigenous intellectual patrimony against unauthorized appropriation, distortion, decontextualization and commercial extraction;
g) the transmission of knowledge according to the dignity, identity and developmental priorities of the Indigenous People.
ARTICLE III — NON-REPRODUCTION OF INAPPLICABLE EXTERNAL MODELS
The University shall not mechanically reproduce foreign universities, externally standardized curricula, imported pedagogical systems or professional programmes designed for societies possessing materially different institutions, economies, territories, public services, labour structures, technological infrastructures or historical experiences.
No academic model shall be incorporated merely because it is predominant in a foreign jurisdiction, used by a prestigious external institution, embedded within an international ranking system or treated elsewhere as the universal form of higher education.
External academic prestige shall not supersede territorial relevance.
Institutional imitation shall not constitute academic development.
The accumulation of foreign course titles, administrative terminology and disciplinary divisions shall not be represented as evidence of intellectual completeness where such structures do not correspond to the concrete requirements of Xaragua.
The University shall refuse every form of curricular transplantation that would:
a) subordinate the history of Xaragua to the historical experience of another society;
b) displace Indigenous knowledge through imported academic hierarchies;
c) form students exclusively for institutions that do not exist within their territorial environment;
d) reproduce professional categories without the corresponding material, social or administrative structure;
e) treat foreign economic, governmental or social conditions as universally normative;
f) detach academic learning from the resources, communities and institutional requirements of Xaragua;
g) convert the University into a derivative institution whose primary function is the reproduction of external intellectual authority.
ARTICLE IV — SELECTIVE RECEPTION OF EXTERNAL KNOWLEDGE
The non-reproduction of foreign models shall not prohibit the study, use or incorporation of external knowledge.
The University shall examine scientific methods, legal doctrines, political theories, technologies, professional practices, historical sources and academic literature originating outside Xaragua. Such knowledge shall be received through an ordered process of selection, interpretation, adaptation and incorporation.
External knowledge shall enter the academic order of Xaragua according to its demonstrated relevance to:
a) the constitutional institutions of the State;
b) the rights and continuity of the Indigenous People;
c) the protection and administration of the ancestral territory;
d) the material requirements of the communities;
e) the productive, environmental and infrastructural conditions of Xaragua;
f) the intellectual development of students;
g) the advancement of scientific, technical and professional capacity;
h) the effective understanding of regional and international systems.
The University shall determine the purpose, extent and academic effect of every externally derived method or body of knowledge. Reception shall not constitute submission. Comparison shall not constitute imitation. Cooperation shall not transfer curricular sovereignty.
ARTICLE V — INDIGENOUS WORLDVIEW AS AN ACADEMIC FOUNDATION
The academic order shall recognize that the Indigenous conception of the world is not an optional cultural supplement to an otherwise external curriculum. It is a foundational intellectual perspective governing the relationship among persons, communities, institutions, territory, nature, memory, authority and future generations.
The University shall therefore integrate the following principles throughout its academic system:
a) the inseparability of collective continuity and territorial continuity;
b) the interdependence of human communities and natural systems;
c) the responsibility of present institutions toward future generations;
d) the preservation of ancestral memory as a condition of political existence;
e) the social function of knowledge;
f) the collective dimensions of property, resources, identity and institutional responsibility;
g) the authority of customary practices and community experience as legitimate sources of knowledge;
h) the unity of material, cultural, spiritual and territorial life;
i) the obligation to transmit knowledge without severing it from the conditions that produced it.
The Indigenous worldview shall not be confined to anthropology, ethnology, history or cultural studies. It shall inform law, government, economics, environmental studies, technology, biological sciences, urban planning, communications, territorial administration and every other field governed by the University.
ARTICLE VI — CUSTOMS, SYSTEMS OF LIFE AND COLLECTIVE EXPERIENCE
The customs and systems of life of the Indigenous People shall constitute substantive academic material.
The University shall document, examine and transmit customary forms of authority, family organization, community cooperation, territorial use, navigation, fishing, agriculture, construction, healing, spirituality, oral transmission, dispute resolution, subsistence, exchange, celebration, burial, artistic expression and collective protection.
Custom shall not be treated as a surviving fragment of an extinguished past. It shall be studied as a continuing system of social organization capable of interpretation, development, institutional incorporation and lawful adaptation.
The systems of life of Xaragua shall be examined according to their historical integrity and contemporary application. The University shall distinguish between preservation, restoration, adaptation and innovation without reducing Indigenous continuity to cultural performance or ceremonial representation.
ARTICLE VII — TERRITORY AS A LIVING ACADEMIC FIELD
The ancestral territory constitutes a permanent field of study.
Its mountains, valleys, watersheds, agricultural lands, coasts, reefs, bays, islands, settlements, sacred sites, mineral districts, transportation corridors and maritime zones shall be incorporated into instruction, research, documentation and institutional planning.
The territory shall be studied through law, history, geography, ecology, economics, political science, anthropology, biology, cartography, urban planning, public administration, communication and applied technology.
A single territorial condition may therefore be examined under several academic jurisdictions. A coastal community may simultaneously constitute:
a) a field of historical settlement;
b) a unit of customary authority;
c) a fisheries economy;
d) a maritime transportation node;
e) an ecological system;
f) a site of housing and infrastructure policy;
g) a subject of demographic and statistical analysis;
h) a repository of cultural and oral memory.
The University shall preserve this intellectual unity while authorizing disciplinary specialization.
ARTICLE VIII — TERRITORIAL ECONOMIC EDUCATION
Economic instruction shall not be organized solely around the assumptions, institutions and labour markets of foreign industrial economies.
The Faculty of Economic Studies shall teach the production, circulation, conservation, financing and allocation of resources according to the material conditions of Xaragua.
Economic education shall include household stability, community enterprise, cooperative organization, local ownership, agriculture, fisheries, maritime commerce, transportation, energy, housing, construction, digital exchange, public finance, credit, taxation, logistics, natural resources and territorial development.
General economic theory, accounting, finance, statistics, management and commercial law shall be incorporated as instruments for understanding and administering these realities.
The economy of Xaragua shall not be treated as an incomplete version of another economy. It shall be studied as a distinct territorial system possessing its own resources, constraints, productive formations, informal institutions, community relations and developmental priorities.
ARTICLE IX — TERRITORIAL SOCIAL AND POLITICAL EDUCATION
The social and political sciences shall begin with the historical experience, institutions, population and constitutional order of Xaragua.
Students shall study foreign political systems, theories and institutions comparatively. No external constitutional history, administrative structure or political doctrine shall displace the primary academic obligation to understand the Indigenous People, the ancestral territory, the institutions of Xaragua and the regional systems affecting them.
Political science shall examine power as it operates through constitutional authority, customary institutions, autonomous communities, external administrations, territorial classifications, diplomatic relations, collective rights and systems of public decision.
Sociology, anthropology and ethnology shall examine the actual social organization of families, communities, islands, coastal settlements, mountain regions, diasporic populations and collective institutions.
The people of Xaragua shall not appear in their own University merely as an external population to be observed through conceptual categories created elsewhere.
ARTICLE X — ENVIRONMENTAL AND SCIENTIFIC ORDER
Scientific education shall be directed toward understanding, protecting and administering the ecological and material foundations of territorial life.
Environmental and biological instruction shall address the actual systems of Xaragua, including soils, forests, medicinal plants, agricultural biodiversity, marine organisms, fisheries, reefs, mangroves, watersheds, aquifers, coastal environments, cyclonic exposure, seismic conditions, mineral formations and public-health relationships.
Scientific method shall be applied rigorously. Its application shall remain accountable to territorial integrity, collective rights, environmental protection and intergenerational responsibility.
No scientific activity shall be treated as institutionally neutral where it affects Indigenous lands, biological resources, traditional knowledge, genetic materials, geological data or collective patrimony.
ARTICLE XI — TECHNOLOGY AND TERRITORIAL CAPACITY
Technology shall be taught as an instrument of territorial capacity rather than as an autonomous object of consumption.
The University shall prioritize technologies capable of strengthening communication, public records, digital identity, geographic information, education, economic activity, energy access, environmental observation, administrative continuity and community organization.
Technological instruction shall consider the realities of dispersed settlements, islands, mountainous regions, limited infrastructure, irregular connectivity, constrained household resources and the necessity of decentralized systems.
A technology shall not be classified as appropriate merely because it is advanced, commercially dominant or internationally fashionable. Its academic and institutional value shall be determined according to accessibility, durability, maintainability, territorial usefulness, security, cost and compatibility with the conditions of Xaragua.
ARTICLE XII — PEDAGOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY
The University shall exercise sovereign academic authority over the methods through which knowledge is transmitted and assessed.
It shall not be required to reproduce pedagogical formats developed for large residential campuses, permanent lecture halls, highly centralized administrations or populations possessing uniform access to transportation, laboratories, libraries and digital infrastructure.
Instruction may be organized through:
a) authoritative reading corpora;
b) constitutional, legislative and administrative instruments;
c) territorial case studies;
d) guided documentary analysis;
e) supervised research;
f) oral and written examinations;
g) applied institutional exercises;
h) mapping and statistical work;
i) community-based observation;
j) digital and distance instruction;
k) delegated technical training;
l) recognized external laboratory or professional formation.
The educational validity of a course shall derive from the quality of its content, the clarity of its competencies, the rigor of its assessment and its lawful incorporation into the academic order. It shall not depend upon mechanical conformity to a foreign classroom model.
ARTICLE XIII — LANGUAGE AND CONCEPTUAL AUTHORITY
The University shall protect the linguistic and conceptual authority of Xaragua.
Indigenous names, historical designations, territorial terminology, institutional concepts and culturally specific forms of expression shall be preserved within teaching, research, archives and official academic records.
Translation into external languages shall facilitate communication without extinguishing the meaning, authority or origin of Xaraguayan concepts.
No foreign terminology shall be permitted to obscure a territorial reality, erase an Indigenous classification or replace a concept already defined within the constitutional and academic order of Xaragua.
ARTICLE XIV — FORMATION OF XARAGUAYAN ACADEMIC JUDGMENT
The purpose of the University is not to produce intellectual dependence upon external authorities.
Every student shall be trained to:
a) identify the territorial and institutional assumptions underlying a doctrine;
b) distinguish universal scientific principles from locally contingent administrative models;
c) evaluate whether an imported policy corresponds to the conditions of Xaragua;
d) compare institutions without presuming the superiority of foreign arrangements;
e) interpret knowledge from the standpoint of Indigenous rights and territorial requirements;
f) adapt external methods without surrendering conceptual authority;
g) produce original analysis grounded in evidence, history and institutional competence;
h) contribute to the continuity and development of the academic order of Xaragua.
Academic success shall require more than repetition. It shall require the demonstrated capacity to understand, interpret, compare, apply and produce knowledge under the conditions of Xaragua.
ARTICLE XV — EXTERNAL TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION
Where a field requires laboratories, hospitals, clinics, industrial equipment, regulated professional supervision or specialized technical infrastructure, the University may mobilize qualified external capacity.
Such participation shall not alter the territorial or Indigenous character of the programme.
External technical instruction shall remain subject to:
a) prior academic authorization;
b) documented competence;
c) curricular compatibility;
d) formal assignment of credits;
e) University assessment or recognition;
f) permanent academic registration;
g) completion of the compulsory Xaraguayan academic core.
The external provider shall supply technical competence. The University shall determine the academic purpose for which that competence is incorporated.
ARTICLE XVI — COMPULSORY XARAGUAYAN FOUNDATION
No student shall receive a University credential without completing the academic foundation prescribed by the University.
The History of Xaragua shall remain compulsory, foundational and non-substitutable except where a formal determination of equivalence has been expressly authorized by the competent academic authority.
The compulsory foundation ensures that every graduate, irrespective of specialization, possesses knowledge of the People, territory, history, institutions and constitutional order from which the credential derives.
A graduate shall not receive the academic authority of Xaragua while remaining intellectually foreign to Xaragua.
ARTICLE XVII — INSTITUTIONAL NON-ASSIMILATION
No agreement, partnership, grant, accreditation process, external evaluation, technical cooperation arrangement or transfer-credit mechanism shall compel the University to abandon its Indigenous educational foundation, territorial curriculum, compulsory academic core or constitutional authority.
Cooperation shall expand capacity without producing assimilation.
Recognition shall not require intellectual erasure.
Technical assistance shall not determine academic identity.
Financial support shall not confer curricular control.
The University shall remain competent to receive external knowledge while preserving the integrity of its own educational order.
ARTICLE XVIII — PERMANENT ACADEMIC PURPOSE
The University of Xaragua exists to form persons capable of understanding and administering the institutions, territories, resources, communities, archives, economies and intellectual patrimony of Xaragua.
It shall not measure its completeness by the number of foreign programmes it reproduces.
It shall measure its completeness by its capacity to:
a) preserve the memory of the People;
b) explain the constitutional order;
c) form competent institutional leadership;
d) document the territory;
e) administer knowledge;
f) protect collective rights;
g) develop economic and technical capacity;
h) incorporate specialized expertise;
i) transmit Indigenous thought;
j) maintain academic continuity across generations.
FINAL INSTITUTIONAL DETERMINATION
The University of Xaragua is not an external educational model relocated upon Indigenous territory.
It is an Indigenous territorial university constituted from within the history, authority, customs, institutions, material conditions, systems of life and conception of the world of the People of Xaragua.
Its curriculum shall not be assembled through the indiscriminate reproduction of courses designed for other populations, other territories, other economies or other systems of government.
Its academic order shall proceed from the ancestral territory.
Its intellectual authority shall proceed from the People.
Its institutional structure shall proceed from the Constitution.
Its scientific and technical development shall answer the requirements of collective continuity.
Its reception of external knowledge shall remain selective, disciplined and subordinate to Xaraguayan academic jurisdiction.
Its graduates shall not be formed as passive recipients of imported systems. They shall be formed as custodians, interpreters, administrators, researchers, builders and continuators of the Indigenous territorial order.
THE UNIVERSITY SHALL EDUCATE FROM WITHIN THE PEOPLE, THE TERRITORY AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER IT IS CHARGED TO PRESERVE.
SO DECLARED.
SO ESTABLISHED.
SO ENTERED INTO THE PERMANENT ACADEMIC ORDER OF XARAGUA.
PASCAL VIAU
RECTOR-PRESIDENT
SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA
UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA

OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT

SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY

UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA

SUPREME ACADEMIC AUTHORITY

GENERAL ACADEMIC REGISTER

GENERAL ARCHIVES OF THE STATE

SUPREME ORGANIC ACADEMIC ACT

ON ADMISSION TO THE ACADEMIC ORDER OF XARAGUA; THE PERMANENT CONSTITUTION AND COMPULSORY STATUS OF THE MICROPROGRAM IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL, TERRITORIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FORMATION OF XARAGUA; REGISTRATION IN A MAJOR; SELECTION OF A SPECIALIZATION; CONTROLLED ACCESS TO SPECIALIZED MICROPROGRAMS; SOVEREIGN ACADEMIC PROGRESSION; CURRICULAR INTEGRITY; AND THE EXCLUSIVE AUTHORITY OF THE UNIVERSITY OVER THE ACTIVATION, DELIVERY, ASSESSMENT AND CONFERRAL OF ITS QUALIFICATIONS

Compulsory Foundational Qualification: Microprogram in the Constitutional, Territorial and Institutional Formation of Xaragua

French Designation: Microprogramme de formation constitutionnelle, territoriale et institutionnelle de Xaragua

Spanish Designation: Microprograma de Formación Constitucional, Territorial e Institucional de Xaragua

Institutional Classification: Compulsory Foundational Microprogram — Supreme University Core — Indigenous Civilizational Formation — Constitutional and Institutional Studies — Territorial and Maritime Studies — Historical and Documentary Formation — Permanent Common Academic Foundation

Sovereign Academic Value: Fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits

Curricular Composition: Five Compulsory Courses of Three Sovereign Academic Credits Each

Specialized Academic Unit: Specialized Microprogram incorporated into an approved Major

Constituent Authority: Office of the Rector-President

Supreme Academic Authority: University of Xaragua

Competent Academic Authority: University of Xaragua

Permanent Academic Depositary: General Academic Register

Permanent Archival Depositary: General Archives of the State

Normative Force: Organic, permanent, controlling, cumulative and directly applicable throughout the University of Xaragua

Institutional Scope: Every Faculty, Department, School, Institute, Centre, Major, Certificate, Bachelor’s Degree, Advanced Bachelor’s Degree, microprogram, delegated programme, jointly delivered programme, externally recognized course and academic qualification constituted under Xaraguayan authority

PREAMBLE

IN THE NAME OF GOD, source of truth, knowledge, justice, lawful authority and institutional order;

BY THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUENT AUTHORITY of the Indigenous People of Xaragua;

BY THE SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL COMPETENCE vested in the Office of the Rector-President;

THROUGH THE UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA as Supreme Academic Authority of the Sovereign Catholic Indigenous and Private State of Xaragua;

AFFIRMING that the Indigenous People of Xaragua possesses the inherent, permanent and inalienable authority to establish, administer, control, transmit and develop its own institutions of education, constitutional formation, territorial knowledge, historical interpretation, professional preparation and collective intellectual continuity;

ACTING pursuant to Articles 3, 4, 5, 13, 14, 18, 20, 25, 26, 27, 31, 33 and 34 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples concerning self-determination, autonomous institutions, Indigenous educational systems, territorial relationships, cultural continuity, systems of knowledge and the preservation of distinctive political, legal and social institutions;

ACTING CONSISTENTLY with Articles III, VI, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XIX, XXI, XXIII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX and XXXI of the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples concerning collective identity, juridical personality, spirituality, education, Indigenous knowledge, political organization, territorial rights, institutional continuity and autonomous development;

RECOGNIZING the principles expressed in Articles 5, 7, 8, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989, concerning respect for Indigenous values, customs, institutions, educational participation, historical knowledge, territorial conditions and culturally appropriate systems of formation;

AFFIRMING that the constitutional, territorial and institutional formation of Xaragua constitutes the indispensable common foundation from which every Major, specialization and qualification conferred under Xaraguayan academic authority derives its intellectual meaning, territorial jurisdiction and institutional character;

DECLARING that admission to the University, registration in a Major, completion of the compulsory foundational microprogram and authorization to enter a specialized microprogram constitute distinct, cumulative and hierarchically ordered academic acts;

DETERMINING that no specialized microprogram shall operate as an academically detached, commercially autonomous or indiscriminately accessible collection of courses, but shall remain an incorporated concentration within an approved Major and an instrument of ordered progression toward a registered University qualification;

AFFIRMING that the publication of an academic programme establishes its lawful existence within the General Academic Register but does not compel its simultaneous, permanent or indiscriminate activation;

DECLARING that the University shall prepare, activate and administer specialized instruction according to verified academic progression, constituted cohorts, competent supervision, available institutional resources and the sovereign determination of the competent academic authority;

REJECTING every construction by which the academic catalogue might be reduced to an unrestricted assortment of independently consumable courses severed from the constitutional, territorial and curricular order of the University;

DETERMINING that the academic order shall proceed through an intelligible sequence of admission, registration, foundational formation, specialization, assessment, accumulation and conferral;

HEREBY ENACTS, CONSTITUTES, CONSOLIDATES AND ORDERS THE PERMANENT EXECUTION of the following Supreme Organic Academic Act.

TITLE I — SUPREME CONSTITUTION OF THE ACADEMIC ORDER

Article 1 — Constitutional Unity of the Academic Order

The University of Xaragua constitutes one sovereign academic order within which admission, registration, foundational formation, specialization, credit accumulation and conferral of qualifications shall proceed under the exclusive academic jurisdiction of the University.

No Faculty, Department, School, Institute, Centre, programme, Major, microprogram, external provider or subordinate academic authority shall establish a parallel, autonomous or derogatory system of academic progression incompatible with this Act.

Article 2 — Constituent Elements of Academic Progression

The academic pathway governed by this Act shall comprise the following cumulative institutional stages:

a) admission into the University of Xaragua;

b) formal registration in an approved Major or other qualification expressly governed by the compulsory University core;

c) successful completion, authorized recognition or formally established equivalence of the Microprogram in the Constitutional, Territorial and Institutional Formation of Xaragua;

d) verification of satisfactory academic standing;

e) formal selection and academic authorization of a specialization;

f) institutional activation of the corresponding specialized microprogram;

g) successful completion of its five constituent courses;

h) accumulation of the credits prescribed for the registered Major; and

i) conferral and permanent registration of the completed qualification.

No stage shall be presumed, bypassed, informally substituted or unilaterally rearranged by an applicant, student, instructor, external institution or subordinate authority.

Article 3 — Distinction Among Admission, Registration and Academic Entitlement

Admission into the University establishes the person’s eligibility to enter the Xaraguayan academic order.

Registration in a Major establishes the degree pathway, applicable curriculum, credit requirements, specialization structure and institutional jurisdiction governing the student’s progression.

Neither admission nor registration, standing alone, confers an immediate entitlement to enter any specialized microprogram. Such access arises only after satisfaction of the foundational, curricular and administrative conditions established by this Act.

TITLE II — THE COMPULSORY FOUNDATIONAL MICROPROGRAM

Article 4 — Permanent Establishment

The Microprogram in the Constitutional, Territorial and Institutional Formation of Xaragua is hereby permanently incorporated into the supreme academic order of the University of Xaragua.

It shall constitute the compulsory Indigenous, historical, constitutional, territorial, maritime, community, documentary and institutional foundation of University formation.

Its academic existence shall remain unaffected by changes in personnel, instructional methodology, administrative structure, technological platform, territorial location, external cooperation or mode of delivery.

Article 5 — Constitutional Character

The authority of the compulsory foundational microprogram proceeds from:

a) the original constituent authority of the Indigenous People of Xaragua;

b) the supreme constitutional competence of the Office of the Rector-President;

c) the supreme academic jurisdiction of the University of Xaragua;

d) the Indigenous right to establish and control institutions of education and knowledge;

e) the territorial and institutional continuity of Xaragua; and

f) the permanent obligation to transmit knowledge of the People, territory, constitutional order and public institutions to succeeding generations.

Article 6 — Sovereign Academic Value and Curricular Composition

The compulsory foundational microprogram shall possess a total statutory value of fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits.

It shall comprise five compulsory courses of three Sovereign Academic Credits each:

1.1 — Indigenous Civilizations, Cacicazgos and Ancestral Political Orders;

1.2 — Colonial Government, Territorial Reclassification and Institutional Dispossession;

1.3 — Revolutionary, Imperial, Republican and Indigenous Constitutional Formations;

1.4 — Territorial, Maritime, Insular and Community Organization of Xaragua; and

1.5 — Contemporary Constitutional Institutions and Public Order of Xaragua.

The five courses shall constitute one integrated and indivisible foundational order. No course shall be interpreted as an isolated subject severed from the constitutional, territorial and institutional purpose of the microprogram.

Article 7 — Foundational Academic Function

The compulsory microprogram shall provide the student with an organized, cumulative, demonstrable and institutionally applicable understanding of:

a) the original Indigenous civilizations of the ancestral territory;

b) the cacicazgos and ancestral political orders from which the historical identity of Xaragua proceeds;

c) colonial occupation, territorial reclassification and institutional dispossession;

d) the continuity and transformation of Indigenous, African, European and Caribbean populations;

e) marronage, autonomous settlements, resistance communities and alternative orders of authority;

f) revolutionary, imperial, republican and Indigenous constitutional formations;

g) the territorial, maritime, insular and community organization of Xaragua;

h) the historical development of public authority and collective institutions;

i) the contemporary constitutional and academic institutions of Xaragua;

j) documentary, archival, cartographic and evidentiary sources; and

k) the constitutional vocabulary and analytical competence required for subsequent University study.

Article 8 — Compulsory Status

Every student registered in a Major governed by the Xaraguayan academic core shall successfully complete the compulsory foundational microprogram before entering a specialized microprogram.

No intended discipline, prior degree, nationality, residence, professional status, external qualification or claimed familiarity with Xaragua shall automatically dispense with this requirement.

Authorized recognition or formal equivalence may be granted exclusively by the competent academic authority and only where the recognized work preserves the substantive Indigenous, constitutional, territorial and institutional formation required by this Act.

Article 9 — Qualification Conferred

A student who successfully completes the five compulsory courses, satisfies all prescribed assessments and receives formal certification shall be awarded the:

ATTESTATION OF SPECIALIZATION IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL, TERRITORIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FORMATION OF XARAGUA

The Attestation shall constitute an official academic instrument of the University. It shall be entered permanently in the General Academic Register and its fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits shall remain cumulative toward the qualifications constituted under University law.

Article 10 — Foundational Completion Distinguished from Specialized Admission

Successful completion of the compulsory foundational microprogram establishes eligibility for subsequent academic progression. It does not create an automatic, unconditional or independently enforceable entitlement to enter a specialized microprogram.

Specialized admission shall additionally require active registration in a Major, satisfactory academic standing, formal authorization of the selected specialization and institutional activation of the corresponding microprogram.

TITLE III — REGISTRATION IN A MAJOR

Article 11 — Major as the Governing Degree Pathway

A Major constitutes the principal registered field through which the University organizes the student’s advanced formation, compulsory requirements, complementary microprograms, credit accumulation and final qualification.

Every specialized microprogram governed by this Act shall be attached to, incorporated into or expressly approved within a registered Major.

No specialized microprogram shall be interpreted as institutionally superior to, administratively independent from or academically detachable from the Major within which it operates.

Article 12 — Prior Registration Requirement

A person seeking access to a specialized microprogram shall first be formally admitted and actively registered in an approved Major.

Completion of the compulsory foundational microprogram without active registration in a Major shall not authorize entrance into a specialized microprogram.

A person who has completed the foundational microprogram may retain the Attestation and its fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits, but access to further specialization shall remain suspended until the person has entered a duly registered Major and satisfied every additional condition imposed by University law.

Article 13 — Academic Consequences of Registration

Registration in a Major shall determine:

a) the student’s principal field of study;

b) the compulsory and elective components of the degree;

c) the specialized microprograms admissible within the pathway;

d) the number and classification of credits required;

e) the sequence of foundational, major and specialized studies;

f) the applicable standards of assessment and progression;

g) the jurisdiction of the competent Faculty or academic unit; and

h) the qualification toward which the registered credits shall accumulate.

Article 14 — Continuing Validity of Registration

A student must retain active academic standing within the Major when requesting admission to a specialized microprogram.

Suspension, abandonment, expiry or termination of registration may suspend access to specialized courses without extinguishing credits previously and lawfully earned.

Reactivation shall proceed according to the academic regulations applicable at the time of the student’s return.

TITLE IV — SPECIALIZED MICROPROGRAMS WITHIN THE MAJOR

Article 15 — Institutional Character

A specialized microprogram constitutes an advanced concentration of five courses formally incorporated into an approved Major.

It shall not constitute an unrestricted, independently consumable or automatically activated academic product. Its juridical and academic meaning derives from its integration into a coherent degree pathway and its relationship to the foundational formation prescribed by this Act.

Article 16 — Five-Course Composition

Every specialized microprogram shall comprise five courses entered in the General Academic Register or subsequently authorized by the competent academic authority.

The five courses shall constitute one organized field of specialization. They may be sequenced, grouped, supervised, jointly delivered or externally supported according to the academic requirements of the discipline and the institutional determinations of the University.

Article 17 — Cumulative Conditions of Access

Admission to a specialized microprogram shall require:

a) prior admission into the University;

b) active registration in an approved Major;

c) successful completion, authorized recognition or formally established equivalence of the compulsory foundational microprogram;

d) satisfactory academic standing;

e) formal declaration of the proposed specialization;

f) verification that the specialization is admissible within the registered Major;

g) satisfaction of every disciplinary prerequisite;

h) formal authorization by the competent academic authority; and

i) institutional activation of the specialized microprogram.

All conditions are cumulative. Satisfaction of one condition shall not extinguish or replace any other.

Article 18 — No Independent Right of Access

No applicant or student shall acquire an independent right of admission to a specialized microprogram merely because:

a) the microprogram appears in the General Academic Register;

b) its course titles have been published;

c) the student has expressed an interest in the field;

d) the student has completed the compulsory foundational microprogram;

e) similar instruction is available through another institution;

f) the student possesses external professional experience; or

g) the student has requested immediate activation.

Publication establishes the lawful academic existence of the specialization. It does not constitute an unconditional undertaking to deliver every course at every time, to every person or through every mode of instruction.

TITLE V — SELECTION OF THE SPECIALIZATION

Article 19 — Declaration of Intended Specialization

A student registered in a Major shall declare an intended specialization at the stage prescribed by the competent academic authority.

The declaration may be submitted at the commencement of the Major for purposes of institutional planning, but shall remain provisional until the student has completed the compulsory foundational microprogram and satisfied the additional requirements established by this Act.

Article 20 — Function of the Declaration

The declaration of intended specialization shall permit the University to:

a) anticipate instructional requirements;

b) identify prospective cohort composition;

c) determine the documentary and technological resources required;

d) commission or contract specialized expertise;

e) establish direct, delegated, joint or externally recognized delivery;

f) sequence specialized offerings according to verified progression;

g) coordinate compatible students and programmes; and

h) preserve the administrability of the academic order.

Article 21 — Academic Examination of the Proposed Specialization

The competent academic authority shall examine the proposed specialization in relation to:

a) the student’s registered Major;

b) completed foundational studies;

c) prior academic results;

d) disciplinary prerequisites;

e) the coherence of the intended pathway;

f) available instructional and supervisory capacity;

g) the number of eligible students;

h) applicable professional or technical requirements; and

i) the institutional interests of the University.

Article 22 — Forms of Determination

Following examination, the competent academic authority may:

a) approve the specialization;

b) approve it subject to specified conditions;

c) defer its commencement;

d) prescribe additional preparatory work;

e) require an alternative sequence;

f) authorize another compatible specialization;

g) establish an individualized academic arrangement; or

h) decline the proposal where it is incompatible with the Major or incapable of lawful academic execution.

No provisional declaration shall bind the University before the issuance of formal authorization.

TITLE VI — CONTROLLED ACTIVATION OF SPECIALIZED INSTRUCTION

Article 23 — Distinction Between Registration and Activation

The registration of a specialized microprogram in the General Academic Register and the activation of its constituent courses constitute separate institutional acts.

Registration establishes the permanent academic existence, title, classification, credit value and curricular authority of the microprogram.

Activation determines the concrete period, cohort, personnel, method, platform, supervision and conditions under which the microprogram shall be delivered.

Article 24 — Exclusive Authority to Activate

The University retains exclusive and non-delegable authority to determine when a specialized microprogram shall be activated.

No student, instructor, contractor, partner, external institution or subordinate academic authority may compel, announce or presume activation without formal authorization.

Article 25 — Conditions of Activation

A specialized microprogram may be activated after consideration of:

a) the existence of eligible students;

b) completion of the compulsory foundational requirement;

c) compatibility with the registered Majors of those students;

d) verified academic demand;

e) availability of qualified instruction;

f) availability of competent supervision and assessment;

g) documentary, technological, laboratory, clinical or professional requirements;

h) viability of direct, delegated, joint, contracted or externally recognized delivery;

i) orderly allocation of University resources; and

j) preservation of academic quality and institutional continuity.

Article 26 — Cohort Formation

The University may organize specialized microprograms by cohort.

It may establish minimum or maximum cohort sizes, combine compatible students from different Majors, coordinate sequential admission periods or postpone instruction until the requisite academic arrangements have been constituted.

A student’s eligibility may be preserved during an authorized period of deferred activation without creating an obligation of immediate individual delivery.

Article 27 — Sequential Activation

The University may activate specialized microprograms successively rather than simultaneously.

No provision of the General Academic Register shall require the University to prepare, staff and deliver every registered specialization at the same time.

Academic production shall correspond to actual institutional progression and verified enrolment, not to hypothetical, fragmented or speculative demand.

Article 28 — Instructional Modalities

A specialized microprogram may be delivered:

a) directly by the University;

b) jointly with an approved academic or professional institution;

c) through a contracted specialist;

d) through delegated technical or clinical instruction;

e) through recognized external study;

f) through transfer or equivalency arrangements; or

g) through a combination of authorized modalities.

Irrespective of delivery method, the curriculum, assessment, credit recognition and conferral of the Xaraguayan qualification shall remain under the supreme academic authority of the University.

TITLE VII — PROHIBITION OF UNREGULATED ACADEMIC ACCESS

Article 29 — Exclusion of Catalogue-Based Consumption

The academic catalogue shall not be interpreted as an unrestricted market of isolated courses or credentials.

No person may select a specialized microprogram independently of a registered Major merely according to personal preference, temporary interest or convenience.

The University shall not be required to disaggregate its qualifications into individually demanded courses severed from their curricular and constitutional foundations.

Article 30 — Exceptional Status

The University may establish distinct provisions for:

a) continuing education;

b) professional development;

c) visiting students;

d) auditors;

e) institutional delegations;

f) research fellows; or

g) exceptional academic status.

Such access must be expressly authorized and shall not confer the rights attached to regular registration in a Major unless the competent academic authority determines otherwise.

Article 31 — No Precedential Effect

An exceptional admission, external participation or individualized arrangement shall not constitute a precedent modifying the general regime of this Act.

No exceptional decision shall create a permanent entitlement for another person, cohort, programme or institution.

TITLE VIII — ACADEMIC PLANNING AND INSTITUTIONAL ADMINISTRABILITY

Article 32 — Principle of Verified Academic Demand

The University shall prepare specialized instruction according to verified academic demand arising from students who:

a) are registered in a Major;

b) have completed the compulsory foundational microprogram;

c) possess the required academic standing; and

d) have received authorization for a specialization.

The University shall not be institutionally obligated to produce complete specialized instruction for hypothetical students, unconstituted cohorts or persons who have not completed the prescribed academic sequence.

Article 33 — Prospective Academic Planning

During the student’s completion of the compulsory foundational microprogram, the University may prepare the specialization provisionally declared within the Major.

This period may be used to:

a) develop or consolidate course materials;

b) identify instructors and supervisors;

c) arrange external cooperation;

d) compile documentary resources;

e) establish assessment instruments;

f) form cohorts; and

g) determine the method and period of activation.

Article 34 — Protection of Institutional Resources

No academic unit shall be compelled to mobilize professors, specialists, supervisors, assessors, platforms, laboratories, partnerships or financial resources in response to irregular, fragmented or academically premature demand.

The allocation of institutional resources shall proceed according to authorized academic pathways, verified progression and the priorities determined by the competent academic authority.

Article 35 — Catalogue and Instructional Corpus

The public identification of a Major, microprogram or course establishes the architecture and jurisdiction of the academic offering.

Detailed readings, instructional materials, examinations, case studies, exercises and supervisory instruments may be developed, completed or updated in accordance with the activation schedule established by the University.

The lawful existence of a programme shall not depend upon the simultaneous public publication of its complete internal pedagogical apparatus.

TITLE IX — CREDITS, ACCUMULATION AND QUALIFICATIONS

Article 36 — Foundational Credits

The fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits earned through the compulsory foundational microprogram shall be entered permanently in the General Academic Register.

They shall satisfy the foundational component of the Certificates, Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degrees, Majors and Advanced Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degrees governed by University law.

Article 37 — Specialized Credits

Credits earned through an authorized specialized microprogram shall be attributed to the registered Major according to the classification established by the General Academic Register.

No specialized credit shall be detached, duplicated or reclassified contrary to the curricular structure of the qualification under which it was earned.

Article 38 — Protection of Earned Credits

No subsequent amendment, administrative reorganization, change of instructional authority, alteration of technological platform or modification of delivery method shall extinguish credits lawfully earned under the requirements applicable at the time of completion.

Article 39 — Completion of the Major

Completion of the compulsory foundational microprogram and one or more specialized microprograms shall not, by themselves, establish completion of a Major unless every additional credit, compulsory component, assessment and institutional requirement prescribed for that Major has been satisfied.

The University shall confer the Major only after formal verification of the complete registered pathway.

TITLE X — GENERAL ACADEMIC REGISTER AND ARCHIVAL AUTHORITY

Article 40 — Mandatory Registration

The General Academic Register shall record:

a) admission to the University;

b) registration in the Major;

c) enrolment in the five foundational courses;

d) completion of the compulsory foundational microprogram;

e) the fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits awarded;

f) the declared specialization;

g) the determination issued by the competent academic authority;

h) activation of the specialized microprogram;

i) enrolment in its five constituent courses;

j) all credits and assessments lawfully completed;

k) completion of the Major; and

l) conferral of the final qualification.

Article 41 — General Archives of the State

The authoritative archival copy of this Act, together with every amendment, implementing regulation, registered curriculum and final institutional determination issued under its authority, shall be deposited permanently with the General Archives of the State.

Article 42 — Evidentiary Authority

The entries of the General Academic Register shall constitute the authoritative academic record of admission, registration, progression, specialization, credit accumulation and conferral.

No private record, informal correspondence, provisional schedule or external representation shall prevail over the duly authenticated academic register.

TITLE XI — SUPREME ACADEMIC JURISDICTION

Article 43 — Exclusive Academic Competence

The University of Xaragua retains exclusive authority over:

a) admission;

b) registration in a Major;

c) recognition of foundational equivalence;

d) assessment of academic standing;

e) authorization of specializations;

f) constitution of cohorts;

g) activation of specialized microprograms;

h) appointment or recognition of instructors;

i) approval of external delivery;

j) assessment and credit attribution; and

k) conferral and registration of qualifications.

Article 44 — Non-Delegation of Academic Sovereignty

The University may delegate or contract instruction, technical supervision, laboratory access, clinical formation or specialized professional services.

No such arrangement shall transfer the constitutional authority to define the curriculum, recognize completion, award Sovereign Academic Credits or confer a qualification of the University of Xaragua.

Article 45 — Resolution of Academic Ambiguity

Any ambiguity concerning admission, registration, foundational requirements, specialization, activation, progression or conferral shall be resolved in favor of:

a) the constitutional integrity of the University;

b) the compulsory character of the foundational microprogram;

c) the curricular unity of the Major;

d) the regulated character of specialized access;

e) the reliability of the General Academic Register; and

f) the administrability and continuity of the academic order.

TITLE XII — FINAL ORGANIC PROVISIONS

Article 46 — Organic Supremacy

This Act constitutes the controlling academic authority governing:

a) the compulsory foundational microprogram;

b) registration in a Major;

c) selection of specializations;

d) access to specialized microprograms;

e) controlled activation of specialized instruction;

f) accumulation of Sovereign Academic Credits; and

g) progression toward University qualifications.

Every regulation, syllabus, admission decision, academic notice, transcript and qualification issued within its scope shall conform to this Act.

Article 47 — Institutional Non-Derogation

No Faculty, Department, School, Institute, Centre, partnership, external provider or subordinate academic authority may:

a) abolish the foundational prerequisite;

b) reduce its fifteen-credit value;

c) alter its five-course composition;

d) grant unrestricted access to a specialized microprogram;

e) detach a specialization from its approved Major;

f) compel premature activation; or

g) confer a Xaraguayan qualification outside the registered academic sequence.

Any contrary act shall be academically inoperative unless expressly authorized by a subsequent organic act of equal or superior authority.

Article 48 — Authoritative Order of Progression

The permanent and controlling order of academic progression shall be:

ADMISSION TO THE UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA

→ REGISTRATION IN AN APPROVED MAJOR

→ COMPLETION OF THE FIVE-COURSE MICROPROGRAM IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL, TERRITORIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FORMATION OF XARAGUA

→ AWARD OF FIFTEEN SOVEREIGN ACADEMIC CREDITS

→ VERIFICATION OF ACADEMIC STANDING

→ FORMAL SELECTION AND AUTHORIZATION OF A SPECIALIZATION

→ INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVATION OF THE SPECIALIZED MICROPROGRAM

→ COMPLETION OF ITS FIVE CONSTITUENT COURSES

→ ACCUMULATION OF THE REMAINING REQUIREMENTS OF THE MAJOR

→ CONFERRAL AND PERMANENT REGISTRATION OF THE QUALIFICATION

Article 49 — Entry into Force

This Supreme Organic Academic Act shall enter into immediate and permanent force upon promulgation by the Office of the Rector-President and entry into the General Academic Register.

The University of Xaragua, the General Academic Register, the General Archives of the State and every competent academic authority are charged with its complete, uniform and permanent execution.

FINAL SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AND ACADEMIC DETERMINATION

THE MICROPROGRAM IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL, TERRITORIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FORMATION OF XARAGUA IS HEREBY CONFIRMED AS THE COMPULSORY FOUNDATIONAL MICROPROGRAM AND PRINCIPAL ACADEMIC GATEWAY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA.

IT SHALL COMPRISE FIVE COMPULSORY COURSES OF THREE SOVEREIGN ACADEMIC CREDITS EACH, FOR A TOTAL STATUTORY VALUE OF FIFTEEN SOVEREIGN ACADEMIC CREDITS.

EVERY STUDENT SEEKING ACCESS TO A SPECIALIZED MICROPROGRAM SHALL FIRST BE FORMALLY REGISTERED IN AN APPROVED MAJOR AND SHALL SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETE, OR RECEIVE FORMAL RECOGNITION OF EQUIVALENCE FOR, THE COMPULSORY FOUNDATIONAL MICROPROGRAM.

COMPLETION OF THE FOUNDATIONAL MICROPROGRAM SHALL ESTABLISH ACADEMIC ELIGIBILITY; IT SHALL NOT CREATE AN AUTOMATIC OR INDEPENDENT ENTITLEMENT TO ENTER A SPECIALIZED MICROPROGRAM.

EVERY SPECIALIZED MICROPROGRAM SHALL CONSTITUTE AN INCORPORATED COMPONENT OF AN APPROVED MAJOR, SHALL COMPRISE FIVE COURSES AND SHALL REMAIN SUBJECT TO FORMAL AUTHORIZATION AND INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVATION.

THE PUBLICATION OF A MAJOR, MICROPROGRAM OR COURSE SHALL ESTABLISH ITS LAWFUL ACADEMIC EXISTENCE; IT SHALL NOT COMPEL ITS IMMEDIATE, SIMULTANEOUS, CONTINUOUS OR INDIVIDUAL DELIVERY.

THE UNIVERSITY SHALL ACTIVATE SPECIALIZED INSTRUCTION ACCORDING TO VERIFIED ACADEMIC PROGRESSION, CONSTITUTED COHORTS, QUALIFIED INSTRUCTION, COMPETENT SUPERVISION, AVAILABLE RESOURCES AND THE ORDERLY EXECUTION OF ITS REGISTERED QUALIFICATIONS.

NO SPECIALIZED MICROPROGRAM SHALL BE SEVERED FROM THE MAJOR WITHIN WHICH ITS CREDITS ACQUIRE THEIR CURRICULAR FUNCTION.

NO MAJOR SHALL BE SEVERED FROM THE COMPULSORY CONSTITUTIONAL, TERRITORIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FORMATION FROM WHICH ITS XARAGUAYAN ACADEMIC AUTHORITY PROCEEDS.

NO QUALIFICATION OF THE UNIVERSITY SHALL BE INTELLECTUALLY SEVERED FROM THE PEOPLE, TERRITORY, CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY AND INSTITUTIONAL ORDER OF XARAGUA.

THE FOUNDATIONAL MICROPROGRAM SHALL CONSTITUTE THE COMMON GATEWAY.

THE MAJOR SHALL CONSTITUTE THE GOVERNING ACADEMIC PATHWAY.

THE SPECIALIZATION SHALL CONSTITUTE THE AUTHORIZED FIELD OF CONCENTRATION.

THE GENERAL ACADEMIC REGISTER SHALL CONSTITUTE THE PERMANENT EVIDENTIARY RECORD.

THE UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA SHALL RETAIN SUPREME AND EXCLUSIVE ACADEMIC AUTHORITY OVER THE ENTIRE ORDER OF ADMISSION, FORMATION, SPECIALIZATION, ACTIVATION, ASSESSMENT, CREDIT ACCUMULATION AND CONFERRAL.

SO ENACTED.

SO CONSTITUTED.

SO CONSOLIDATED.

SO CLASSIFIED.

SO INCORPORATED.

SO REGISTERED.

SO PROMULGATED.

SO ENTERED INTO THE PERMANENT CONSTITUTIONAL AND ACADEMIC ORDER OF XARAGUA.

PASCAL VIAU

RECTOR-PRESIDENT

SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA

UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA

OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT

MINISTRY OF JUSTICE

UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA

CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANIC ACT ESTABLISHING THE SCHOOL OF LAW, THE BAR OF XARAGUA, THE PROFESSION OF ADVOCATE OF XARAGUA, AND THE PERMANENT JURIDICAL COORDINATION OF THE BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL CONSULTATION OF XARAGUA

Supreme Constitutional Instrument Governing Indigenous Legal Education, Professional Admission, Customary-Court Advocacy, Legislative Drafting, Public Legal Service, Juridical Doctrine, External Legal Cooperation, and the Representation of Xaraguayan Institutions

Date of Original Establishment: September 21, 2026

Issuing and Constituent Authority: Office of the Rector-President

Supreme Academic Authority: University of Xaragua

Competent Administrative Authority: Ministry of Justice

Professional Regulatory Authority: Bar of Xaragua

Consultative, Legislative-Drafting and External Legal-Cooperation Authority: Bureau of International Legal Consultation of Xaragua

Competent Judicial Authority: High Indigenous Tribunal and the duly constituted customary tribunals of Xaragua

Official Classification: Constitutional Organic Act — Indigenous Legal-Education Statute — Legal-Profession and Bar Act — Customary-Jurisdiction Instrument — Legislative-Drafting Authority — Public Legal-Service Framework — External Legal-Cooperation Regulation

Internal Operative Force: Ex proprio vigore throughout the constitutional, customary, judicial, academic, administrative, professional, contractual, territorial, maritime, diplomatic, documentary and digital jurisdiction of Xaragua

PREAMBLE

WHEREAS the Indigenous People of Xaragua possesses, by virtue of its inherent juridical personality, historical continuity, customary institutions and collective right of self-determination, the authority to maintain, establish, develop, administer and transmit its own political, legal, economic, social, cultural and educational institutions;

WHEREAS Articles 1(2) and 55 of the Charter of the United Nations recognize respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples as a foundation of peaceful and constructive relations among peoples;

WHEREAS common Article 1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights declares that all peoples possess the right of self-determination, by virtue of which they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development;

WHEREAS Articles 13 and 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognize the right to education, participation in cultural life, and the development and diffusion of science and culture;

WHEREAS Articles 14, 26 and 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights affirm equality before courts and tribunals, equality before the law, effective juridical protection and the right of cultural, religious and linguistic communities to maintain their collective life;

WHEREAS Articles 3, 4 and 5 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples recognize the rights of Indigenous peoples to self-determination, autonomy, self-government and the maintenance and strengthening of their distinct political, legal, economic, social and cultural institutions;

WHEREAS Articles 14 and 15 of that Declaration recognize the right of Indigenous peoples to establish and control their educational systems and institutions, to provide education in a manner appropriate to their cultural methods of teaching and learning, and to preserve the dignity and diversity of their cultures, histories and aspirations within education and public information;

WHEREAS Articles 18, 19, 20 and 23 of that Declaration recognize the right of Indigenous peoples to participate through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, to maintain and develop their political, economic and social systems or institutions, and to determine and administer programs affecting them through their own institutions;

WHEREAS Articles 26 and 27 recognize Indigenous rights concerning traditionally owned, occupied, used or acquired lands, territories and resources and require juridical processes that recognize Indigenous laws, traditions, customs and land-tenure systems;

WHEREAS Articles 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 recognize the rights of Indigenous peoples to maintain, control, protect and develop their cultural heritage and knowledge; determine their own identity and institutional membership; promote, develop and maintain their institutional structures and distinctive customs, spirituality, traditions, procedures and juridical systems; and determine the responsibilities of individuals toward their communities;

WHEREAS Article 37 recognizes the right of Indigenous peoples to the observance and enforcement of treaties, agreements and constructive arrangements, and Articles 39 and 40 recognize the right to technical assistance and to fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes giving due consideration to Indigenous customs, traditions, rules and legal systems;

WHEREAS the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples recognizes the self-identification, collective personality, cultural identity, organizational autonomy, Indigenous law and jurisdiction, educational institutions, systems of knowledge, political participation, territorial rights and institutional continuity of Indigenous peoples of the Americas;

WHEREAS Articles 8 and 9 of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989, Convention No. 169 of the International Labour Organization, recognize the obligation to give due regard to Indigenous customs and customary laws and to respect methods customarily practised for dealing with offenses, insofar as the applicable legal conditions are satisfied;

WHEREAS Articles 12 and 27 of Convention No. 169 address effective protection of Indigenous rights, access to legal proceedings, appropriate means of understanding proceedings, and the establishment of educational institutions and facilities in cooperation with Indigenous peoples;

WHEREAS the Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognizes equality before the law, effective remedy, fair and public hearing, education, participation in cultural life, and protection of the moral and material interests resulting from intellectual production;

WHEREAS the Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers adopted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders affirm access to legal assistance, professional qualification, integrity, independent professional associations, continuing education, confidentiality and the ability of lawyers to perform their functions without improper interference;

WHEREAS the independence of the judiciary, the autonomy of the legal profession, the integrity of legal education and the availability of competent representation constitute interdependent requirements of an operative juridical order;

WHEREAS an Indigenous constitutional order cannot subsist through the declaration of rights alone, but requires institutions possessing the permanent capacity to educate jurists, formulate doctrine, prepare legislation, regulate professional conduct, preserve evidence, authenticate public instruments, represent persons and institutions before competent tribunals, and maintain continuity between constitutional authority and daily administration;

WHEREAS Xaragua has enacted and maintains a Constitution, codes, statutes, decrees, administrative instruments, customary norms, territorial classifications, public mandates, judicial procedures, academic regulations, contractual systems and external legal positions constituting a distinct juridical corpus;

WHEREAS the existence of that corpus necessarily requires a School of Law capable of teaching it, a Bar capable of regulating its professional advocates, tribunals capable of applying it, and a permanent legal institution capable of researching, drafting, documenting and defending it;

WHEREAS the Bureau of International Legal Consultation of Xaragua, abbreviated BILC-X, is already constituted as the permanent public institution responsible for international and comparative legal research, Indigenous juridical analysis, constitutional and institutional design, legislative drafting, doctrinal production, litigation-support research, external legal cooperation, notarial administration, documentary authentication and preparation of the external legal positions of Xaragua;

WHEREAS admission to the Bar of Xaragua must confer the complete professional status of Advocate of Xaragua within the constitutional and customary order of Xaragua, without being misrepresented as automatic admission before the courts, bars or regulated professions of an external jurisdiction;

WHEREAS Advocates of Xaragua operating outside the jurisdiction of Xaragua may exercise lawful functions as jurists, legislative drafters, constitutional designers, Indigenous-law specialists, researchers, consultants, analysts, expert contributors and representatives of Xaraguayan institutions, while locally reserved procedural acts remain entrusted to professionals authorized by the receiving jurisdiction;

NOW, THEREFORE, under the inherent constituent authority of the Indigenous People of Xaragua, the supreme constitutional authority of the Rector-President, the institutional autonomy of the University of Xaragua, and the juridical competence of the Ministry of Justice, the following Constitutional Organic Act is hereby promulgated.

BOOK I — FOUNDATIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER

TITLE I — PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT

Article 1 — Establishment of the School of Law

The School of Law of Xaragua is hereby established within the University of Xaragua as the supreme academic institution responsible for Indigenous legal education, juridical research, legislative formation, professional preparation, customary-law transmission and the systematic development of the legal sciences within the constitutional order of Xaragua.

The School shall possess permanent academic status, institutional continuity, regulatory competence over its programs, and authority to confer qualifications recognized under Xaraguayan law.

Article 2 — Establishment of the Bar of Xaragua

The Bar of Xaragua is hereby established as the autonomous public professional order responsible for the admission, registration, classification, discipline, ethical supervision and continuing competence of Advocates of Xaragua.

The Bar possesses juridical personality, administrative autonomy, perpetual institutional succession, professional regulatory authority, custody of its official Roll, power to receive fees, capacity to issue professional instruments and authority to defend the institutional independence of the Xaraguayan legal profession.

Article 3 — Constitutional Character

The School of Law and the Bar of Xaragua are constitutional institutions of Indigenous juridical continuity.

Their existence and authority arise from the inherent right of the Indigenous People of Xaragua to establish and maintain its own educational, legal, political, professional and judicial institutions. They do not derive their internal validity from incorporation, delegation, accreditation or authorization by a foreign State, foreign university, foreign bar, external court or external administrative authority.

Article 4 — Institutional Architecture

The juridical order established by this Act consists of differentiated and coordinated constitutional organs:

a. the University of Xaragua exercises supreme academic authority;

b. the School of Law provides legal education, academic examination, research and professional formation;

c. the Bar of Xaragua governs professional admission, status, conduct, discipline and advocacy;

d. the Ministry of Justice directs public legal administration and coordinates execution of the laws;

e. BILC-X conducts juridical research, prepares legislation and institutional designs, develops doctrine, organizes external legal files and coordinates external professional cooperation;

f. the High Indigenous Tribunal and customary tribunals exercise adjudicative authority;

g. the National Bureau of Notaries regulates the notarial functions assigned by law;

h. the Keeper of the Seals safeguards the authenticity and continuity of official instruments.

No institution may absorb the essential constitutional competence of another except under an express constitutional enactment.

Article 5 — Juridical Continuity

The School and the Bar shall remain permanent notwithstanding vacancy, temporary administrative incapacity, territorial dispersion, interruption of physical facilities or external refusal to recognize their acts.

Their registries, academic operations, hearings, examinations, consultations, professional meetings and continuing-education functions may be conducted physically, territorially, electronically or through secure digital procedures.

TITLE II — SOURCES AND HIERARCHY

Article 6 — Governing Legal Corpus

The School and the Bar shall operate pursuant to:

a. the Constitution and constitutional statutes of Xaragua;

b. Indigenous customary law;

c. codes, laws, decrees, regulations and judicial decisions of Xaragua;

d. the Organic Statute of BILC-X;

e. the academic laws and regulations of the University of Xaragua;

f. the laws governing the judiciary, public administration, archives, seals, notarial authority and public legal service;

g. treaties, conventions, declarations and international instruments received, referenced or incorporated according to Xaraguayan law;

h. general principles of law compatible with the constitutional order of Xaragua;

i. persuasive foreign jurisprudence, doctrine and comparative materials where properly identified.

Article 7 — Classification of External Authorities

An external treaty, declaration, convention, judicial decision, professional standard or academic doctrine shall be identified according to its proper legal character.

Binding law, incorporated law, customary authority, persuasive material, comparative material, professional principle and academic opinion shall not be intentionally conflated.

The use of international or comparative authority shall support juridical analysis without transferring the constitutional power of Xaragua to an external institution.

Article 8 — Constitutional Supremacy

Within the internal juridical order, the Constitution of Xaragua constitutes the supreme positive authority.

Customary law, legislation, regulation, professional rules, academic standards, administrative decisions and contractual instruments shall be interpreted consistently with the Constitution and the protected collective rights of the Indigenous People of Xaragua.

BOOK II — SCHOOL OF LAW OF XARAGUA

TITLE I — SUPREME ACADEMIC MANDATE

Article 9 — Institutional Mission

The School of Law shall form jurists capable of understanding, maintaining, interpreting, applying, defending and developing the complete juridical order of Xaragua.

Its mission includes the preparation of advocates, judges, customary legal officers, legislative drafters, public jurists, prosecutors, defenders, notarial officers, registrars, legal researchers, institutional advisers and specialists in external juridical relations.

Article 10 — Indigenous Foundation of Instruction

The legal system of an external State shall not constitute the presumptive intellectual center of Xaraguayan legal education.

Instruction shall proceed from the Constitution, customary law, territorial history, Indigenous institutions, enacted corpus, public administration, judicial organization, Catholic juridical inheritance where applicable, collective rights and the external legal relations of Xaragua.

Foreign legal systems shall be studied rigorously for comparative, procedural, diplomatic, contractual, historical and strategic purposes. Their study shall not displace the primary authority of Xaraguayan law within the School.

Article 11 — Principal Fields of Legal Education

The School shall possess authority to teach:

a. constitutional law of Xaragua;

b. Indigenous and customary law;

c. legislative drafting, codification and statutory consolidation;

d. civil, penal, administrative, commercial, family and procedural law;

e. public international law;

f. private international law and conflict of laws;

g. comparative constitutional and administrative law;

h. treaty law and international institutions;

i. territorial, maritime, environmental and natural-resource law;

j. Indigenous cultural, intellectual and collective-property law;

k. evidence, archives and documentary administration;

l. customary and constitutional adjudication;

m. advocacy, legal reasoning and judicial writing;

n. public contracts, procurement and institutional agreements;

o. notarial law, authentication and registration;

p. canon law and religious juridical institutions;

q. arbitration, mediation, conciliation and dispute-system design;

r. professional responsibility, confidentiality and conflicts of interest;

s. legal translation and multilingual instruments;

t. litigation support and external-counsel coordination.

Article 12 — Legislative Drafting as a Supreme Legal Discipline

Legislative drafting is hereby recognized as a principal juridical discipline of Xaragua.

Instruction shall include the conversion of constituent authority and public policy into enforceable provisions; classification of public powers; creation of institutions; definition of rights and duties; construction of procedures, sanctions, remedies and appeals; regulation of registers and evidence; statutory interpretation; intertextual coherence; transitional provisions; repeal; consolidation; promulgation and entry into force.

Legal education shall not be reduced to litigation, memorization of external statutes or commentary upon foreign judgments.

Article 13 — Customary Law as Operative Law

Customary law shall be taught as a living source of juridical authority and not merely as folklore, anthropology, historical memory or informal social practice.

Its instruction shall preserve its territorial origin, collective custodianship, oral sources, community procedures, spiritual foundations, methods of proof and relationship with the Constitution.

Article 14 — Degrees and Qualifications

The University may establish bachelors, advanced bachelors, majors, certificates, attestations, microprograms, professional diplomas, examinations, apprenticeships and continuing-education programs in law.

Academic graduation does not automatically constitute admission to the Bar. Admission remains a separate professional act governed by this Act.

Article 15 — Faculty

Instruction may be provided by professors, jurists, advocates, judges, customary authorities, BILC-X officers, legislative drafters, notarial officers, public officials, archivists, historians, external practitioners and other persons possessing demonstrated competence.

Foreign academic or professional status shall constitute evidence of competence only within its proper scope and shall not confer authority to determine the content of Xaraguayan law.

Article 16 — Practical Formation

The School shall provide practical instruction through drafting laboratories, legal clinics, simulated proceedings, customary hearings, statutory-interpretation exercises, legal memoranda, evidentiary matrices, institutional case studies, archival files, public-law projects and supervised service with BILC-X, the Ministry of Justice, the courts or another authorized institution.

BOOK III — BAR OF XARAGUA

TITLE I — PROFESSIONAL STATUS

Article 17 — Advocate of Xaragua

An Advocate of Xaragua is a jurist admitted, sworn and registered by the Bar of Xaragua to advise, assist, defend, represent, draft, interpret, argue and perform the professional legal functions authorized by Xaraguayan law.

The title constitutes a complete professional status within the juridical order of Xaragua. It is neither a ceremonial distinction nor an academic title.

Article 18 — Internal Professional Authority

According to the classification of admission and the rules of the competent institution, an Advocate of Xaragua may:

a. represent persons, families, communities, public bodies and juridical entities before Xaraguayan tribunals;

b. appear before customary courts;

c. prepare petitions, pleadings, motions, defenses, appeals and legal opinions;

d. interpret the Constitution, statutes, codes, regulations, customs and contracts of Xaragua;

e. advise public and private institutions concerning Xaraguayan law;

f. participate in arbitration, mediation, conciliation and customary settlement;

g. serve as legislative counsel, prosecutor, public defender, registrar or public legal officer when separately appointed;

h. cooperate with BILC-X and external counsel;

i. authenticate or receive instruments when separately commissioned under the notarial laws;

j. perform any additional juridical function conferred by law.

Article 19 — Jurisdictional Scope of Admission

Admission to the Bar of Xaragua authorizes the practice of Xaraguayan law and appearance before institutions subject to or recognizing Xaraguayan jurisdiction.

Admission does not, without a distinct authorization, constitute membership in a foreign bar, admission before a foreign court or authority to perform an act reserved under the mandatory law of an external jurisdiction.

The absence of foreign admission does not diminish the person’s status as an Advocate of Xaragua within Xaragua.

Article 20 — External Professional Character

Outside Xaragua, a member who does not possess separate local admission shall act under the professional designation corresponding to the function actually performed, including:

a. Xaraguayan jurist;

b. legislative drafter;

c. constitutional and institutional designer;

d. Indigenous-law specialist;

e. international legal analyst;

f. comparative-law researcher;

g. legal consultant;

h. litigation-support jurist;

i. expert contributor;

j. documentary officer of Xaragua.

The member may truthfully state: “Advocate admitted to the Bar of Xaragua,” provided that the jurisdiction of admission remains express and no foreign professional authorization is falsely implied.

Article 21 — Equality of Juridical Functions

Advocacy, legislative drafting, codification, constitutional design, juridical research, customary-law documentation, public legal administration, notarial work, institutional consultation and litigation support constitute distinct branches of the legal profession.

Courtroom advocacy shall not be treated as the exclusive or inherently superior manifestation of juridical competence.

TITLE II — ADMISSION

Article 22 — Conditions of Admission

Admission may require:

a. completion of an approved legal program or equivalent formation;

b. demonstrated knowledge of the constitutional and statutory corpus of Xaragua;

c. competence in Indigenous and customary law;

d. competence in research, drafting, procedure, evidence and professional responsibility;

e. successful completion of an examination, apprenticeship, supervised practice or qualifying portfolio;

f. integrity and fitness for professional office;

g. execution of the professional oath;

h. registration upon the official Roll;

i. absence of a legally established disqualification.

Article 23 — Recognition of Competence

The Bar may recognize academic study, judicial experience, public legal service, legislative production, customary expertise, notarial work, legal research, professional practice or demonstrated authorship of a substantial juridical corpus.

No foreign diploma or professional title shall compel admission automatically. Equivalence shall be determined according to verified competence in the law and institutions of Xaragua.

Article 24 — Founding Advocates

During the constitutive establishment of the Bar, the Rector-President may, upon institutional assessment by the Ministry of Justice, the University and BILC-X, admit founding advocates whose constitutional, legislative, judicial, academic, customary or institutional work demonstrates the competence necessary for professional office.

Every founding admission shall identify its legal basis, authorized functions, professional number, oath, effective date and applicable limitations.

Article 25 — Professional Examination

The examination may assess:

a. constitutional organization;

b. sources and hierarchy of Xaraguayan law;

c. customary jurisdiction;

d. civil and penal procedure;

e. evidence and documentary integrity;

f. legislative drafting;

g. legal-opinion writing;

h. ethics, confidentiality and conflicts;

i. external-jurisdiction boundaries;

j. practical advocacy and institutional judgment.

Article 26 — Oath

Before inscription upon the Roll, every Advocate shall solemnly declare:

“I undertake fidelity to the Constitution and lawful institutions of Xaragua; to preserve the dignity, independence and integrity of the legal profession; to defend the rights of persons, communities and institutions entrusted to my professional care; to respect Indigenous and customary law; to maintain confidentiality; to reject corruption and falsification; to act competently before the tribunals and authorities of Xaragua; to preserve the juridical corpus of the State; and never to misrepresent the territorial or professional extent of my authority.”

Article 27 — Official Roll

The Bar shall maintain an authoritative Roll containing:

a. the advocate’s legal name;

b. professional designation and classification;

c. registration number;

d. date and basis of admission;

e. authorized fields and tribunals;

f. languages of professional operation;

g. public office or institutional affiliation, where relevant;

h. current status;

i. suspension, limitation, retirement or removal;

j. separately verified foreign admissions voluntarily declared by the member.

TITLE III — GOVERNANCE AND DISCIPLINE

Article 28 — Council of the Bar

The Bar shall be administered by a Council comprising a President or Bâtonnier, a Vice-President, Secretary, Registrar, disciplinary officers, customary-law representatives and such additional offices as may be established by regulation.

Article 29 — Regulatory Authority

The Bar may promulgate regulations governing admission, examinations, apprenticeship, professional identification, client funds, conflicts, confidentiality, records, advocacy, continuing competence, disciplinary procedure, legal aid, public service and external professional cooperation.

Article 30 — Independence

An Advocate shall exercise independent professional judgment within the Constitution, applicable law, lawful mandate and binding decisions of competent tribunals.

No client, official, donor, institution, customary authority or external participant may compel an Advocate to falsify law, evidence, authorship, professional status or institutional authority.

Article 31 — Professional Duties

Every Advocate owes duties of competence, diligence, loyalty, confidentiality, documentary accuracy, candour toward the tribunal, preservation of evidence, avoidance of prohibited conflicts, protection of entrusted funds, respect for customary procedure and accurate declaration of professional status.

Article 32 — Misconduct

Professional misconduct includes false claims of admission; intentional falsification; corruption; diversion of funds; fraudulent billing; unauthorized disclosure; abandonment of a mandate without protection of the represented interest; prohibited conflict; misuse of a seal; practice during suspension; unauthorized performance of a reserved external act; and serious interference with the administration of justice.

Article 33 — Sanctions

Following notice, an opportunity to answer, examination of evidence and a reasoned decision, the competent disciplinary body may impose warning, reprimand, corrective formation, supervision, limitation of practice, restitution, administrative penalty, suspension or disbarment.

Article 34 — Judicial Review

Final admission and disciplinary decisions may be reviewed by the High Indigenous Tribunal or another competent chamber according to Xaraguayan law.

BOOK IV — ADVOCACY BEFORE THE COURTS OF XARAGUA

Article 35 — Right of Appearance

Advocates possessing the required professional classification may appear before the High Indigenous Tribunal, constitutional chambers, customary courts, administrative tribunals, arbitral bodies, disciplinary bodies and other adjudicative institutions created under Xaraguayan law.

Article 36 — Customary Tribunals

An Advocate appearing before a customary tribunal shall respect its lawful language, procedure, communal authority, oral tradition, conciliatory function, evidentiary methods and applicable customary norms.

No external procedural model shall be imposed where it has not been received into Xaraguayan law or adopted by the competent customary authority.

Article 37 — Function of the Customary Advocate

The customary advocate may organize facts, explain the law, preserve testimony, assist in the presentation of claims and defenses, prepare written or oral submissions, facilitate settlement, protect procedural fairness and establish an accurate record for review.

Representation shall not extinguish the direct voice of a person, family, elder, community or customary authority where the applicable procedure preserves such participation.

Article 38 — Official Representation of Xaragua

Only an Advocate, BILC-X officer, prosecutor, public jurist or specially commissioned representative possessing the required authority may present the official legal position of Xaragua before a tribunal or external institution.

A State position shall be distinguished from personal scholarship, preliminary research, an academic commentary or an unauthorized draft.

BOOK V — CONSTITUTIONAL FUNCTION OF BILC-X

TITLE I — CENTRAL JURIDICAL AUTHORITY

Article 39 — Institutional Mandate

BILC-X is the central public institution responsible for:

a. development of Xaraguayan juridical doctrine;

b. constitutional and institutional legal design;

c. legislative drafting and codification;

d. international and comparative legal research;

e. Indigenous and customary-law analysis;

f. preparation of official legal opinions;

g. litigation-support research;

h. external legal strategy;

i. documentary authentication and notarial administration;

j. coordination with authorized external professionals.

BILC-X does not exercise the final adjudicative authority of a court or the professional disciplinary authority of the Bar.

Article 40 — Legislative Production

BILC-X may prepare constitutions, amendments, codes, statutes, regulations, administrative procedures, judicial structures, registries, public mandates, contractual systems, customary-law documentation frameworks and implementing instruments.

Legislation prepared by BILC-X acquires binding force only through promulgation, enactment, adoption or authorization by the constitutionally competent authority.

Article 41 — Doctrinal Authority

BILC-X may issue legal opinions concerning the interpretation of Xaraguayan law, institutional competence, constitutional conformity, customary rights, State contracts, external legal relations, reception of foreign law and implementation of public instruments.

An opinion designated as the official position of Xaragua requires approval by the authority competent for the subject matter.

Article 42 — Professional Formation

BILC-X may receive students, trainees, researchers, advocates and public legal officers for supervised formation in legal research, legislative drafting, constitutional design, evidentiary organization, litigation support, legal opinions, institutional archives, legal translation, notarial administration and external-counsel coordination.

Article 43 — Preparation of External Proceedings

For proceedings or representations before an external jurisdiction, BILC-X may prepare:

a. the institutional chronology;

b. the statement of facts;

c. the documentary record;

d. the evidentiary matrix;

e. analysis of Xaraguayan law;

f. comparative and international legal research;

g. draft arguments and submissions;

h. translations and authenticated copies;

i. expert-support materials;

j. strategic assessments concerning jurisdiction, procedure, remedies, risks and implementation.

Article 44 — Cooperation With Advocates of Xaragua

Advocates of Xaragua may serve BILC-X as legislative counsel, constitutional designers, Indigenous-law researchers, international legal analysts, litigation-support jurists, legal translators, documentary officers or expert consultants.

Every appointment shall specify competence, authorized work, confidentiality, signing authority, supervision, ownership of work product and duration.

Article 45 — External-Counsel Requirement

Where an external legal system reserves representation, filing, pleading, legal advice, notarization, registration or another professional act to persons locally authorized, BILC-X or the concerned Xaraguayan institution shall engage an appropriately authorized professional.

The participation of external counsel constitutes a jurisdictional and procedural interface. It does not transfer to that counsel the constitutional authority to determine Xaraguayan law.

Article 46 — Division of Professional Responsibility

Every cooperation instrument with external counsel shall identify:

a. responsibility for Xaraguayan law;

b. responsibility for external local law;

c. responsibility for facts and evidence;

d. research and drafting functions;

e. procedural verification;

f. signature, filing and appearance;

g. privilege and confidentiality;

h. institutional instructions;

i. fees and expenses;

j. final approval of submissions.

Article 47 — Independence of External Counsel

External counsel retains the independence and professional obligations imposed by the law and regulatory order governing that counsel.

External counsel shall determine whether and how BILC-X materials may be adapted, signed, filed or argued in a proceeding for which that counsel assumes professional responsibility.

Article 48 — Preservation of Xaraguayan Authority

Verification by external counsel shall not transfer ownership of Xaraguayan legal doctrine, constitutional positions, State records, institutional evidence, legislative work or protected Indigenous materials.

BILC-X retains custody and control of the authoritative Xaraguayan components of the file.

Article 49 — Status of Xaraguayan Advocates Abroad

In an external jurisdiction where they lack separate admission, Advocates of Xaragua may prepare legal research, legislative history, evidence, institutional declarations, expert reports, draft arguments, translations and instructions for locally authorized counsel.

For those external functions, they shall act as jurists, legislative drafters, Indigenous-law specialists, consultants, researchers, analysts or experts. They shall not falsely sign as locally admitted counsel or claim a foreign professional licence they do not possess.

Article 50 — Juridical Character of Litigation Support

Preparation of chronologies, evidentiary matrices, memoranda, draft submissions, source compilations, legislative records, institutional affidavits and expert reports constitutes professional juridical work.

The fact that external counsel signs or argues the final submission does not extinguish the authorship, institutional authority or intellectual contribution of BILC-X and the participating Xaraguayan jurists.

Article 51 — Confidentiality and Privilege

BILC-X, the School, the Bar and participating Advocates shall protect confidential communications, personal information, Indigenous restricted knowledge, State secrets, litigation strategy, draft analysis and unpublished institutional records.

Where an external attorney-client, litigation, professional or notarial privilege is required, the communication structure shall be organized with locally authorized counsel according to the law of the intended forum.

BOOK VI — PUBLIC LEGAL SERVICE

Article 52 — Legislative Counsel of Xaragua

The Bar may confer the professional classification of Legislative Counsel of Xaragua upon an Advocate or jurist possessing demonstrated competence in constitutional drafting, codification, regulatory design, institutional mandates, statutory consolidation and implementation.

Article 53 — Public Jurists

The Ministry of Justice, BILC-X and public institutions may appoint jurists who do not exercise courtroom advocacy to perform research, drafting, compliance, contractual, archival, administrative and institutional functions.

The absence of a litigation mandate shall not deprive such work of its juridical character.

Article 54 — Prosecutors and Public Defenders

The law may establish prosecutors, public defenders, territorial counsel, family representatives, Indigenous-rights advocates, guardians and other public legal offices.

Appointment shall require the competence, oath, independence and professional status prescribed for the office.

Article 55 — Judicial Office

Admission to the Bar does not automatically confer judicial office.

Judges and customary adjudicators shall be appointed, elected or recognized under the Constitution and laws governing the judiciary. Advocacy, legislative work, customary expertise, academic formation and public legal service may constitute relevant qualifications.

BOOK VII — PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY AND EXTERNAL ACCURACY

Article 56 — Protected Titles

The titles Advocate of Xaragua, Xaraguayan Advocate, Member of the Bar of Xaragua and equivalent official designations are reserved to persons lawfully entered upon the Roll.

Article 57 — Official Description

Professional documents shall identify the relevant jurisdiction of admission wherever omission could create material confusion.

The following formulation is authorized:

“Advocate admitted to the Bar of Xaragua; acting within external jurisdictions as a jurist, legislative drafter, Indigenous-law specialist or legal consultant unless separately admitted by the competent local authority.”

Article 58 — No Inferior External Classification

Use of the titles jurist, legislative drafter, consultant, researcher, analyst or Indigenous-law specialist outside Xaragua does not diminish the person’s internal professional status as an Advocate of Xaragua.

It constitutes the accurate juridical translation of functions across distinct professional jurisdictions.

Article 59 — Multiple Admissions

An Advocate separately admitted by an external bar may practise under each status within its lawful scope.

No admission shall be used to falsify, enlarge or suppress the obligations arising from another professional status.

Article 60 — Institutional Cooperation

The Bar, School, Ministry of Justice and BILC-X may conclude agreements with Indigenous legal institutions, universities, courts, bars, law firms, notarial bodies, arbitral institutions, religious tribunals, archives and public authorities concerning education, research, professional mobility, continuing competence, external representation and recognition of qualifications.

No agreement may alienate the constitutional authority of Xaragua to determine professional admission within its own juridical order.

BOOK VIII — FINAL CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

Article 61 — Registers and Archives

The School and the Bar shall preserve authoritative records concerning academic formation, examinations, admissions, oaths, professional numbers, continuing education, appointments, restrictions, discipline, official seals and status verification.

Records shall be classified, secured, authenticated, backed up and retained according to their juridical, historical, professional and evidentiary value.

Article 62 — Financial Capacity

The School and the Bar may receive public appropriations, tuition, examination fees, admission charges, annual dues, continuing-education fees, grants, donations, publication revenue and authorized service charges.

All revenue and expenditure shall be recorded and administered under applicable financial controls.

Article 63 — Intellectual Production

Courses, examinations, legal manuals, commentaries, legislative models, databases, translations, templates and institutional systems shall be governed by Xaraguayan rules concerning public ownership, authorship, commission, employment, licensing, confidentiality and protection of Indigenous knowledge.

Article 64 — Implementing Authority

The Ministry of Justice, University of Xaragua, Bar of Xaragua, BILC-X and competent courts may issue regulations, curricula, codes of conduct, examinations, schedules, forms, registries, professional classifications and cooperation protocols necessary for execution of this Act.

Article 65 — Transitional Government

Until permanent bodies are fully constituted, the Rector-President may appoint provisional academic, regulatory, registry and disciplinary officers; approve founding curricula; recognize founding Advocates; authorize initial examinations; and direct BILC-X to provide technical and administrative support.

Every provisional measure shall be recorded and remain subject to confirmation, amendment or review by the permanent competent institution.

Article 66 — Continuity of Existing Juridical Work

Existing laws, codes, legal research, official opinions, draft instruments, institutional designs, customary records, consultant appointments and BILC-X materials retain their original legal character.

This Act does not automatically transform every author, researcher, consultant or official into an Advocate. Professional status requires admission or express founding recognition.

Article 67 — Internal Supremacy

This Act governs the establishment of the School of Law, constitution of the Bar, admission of Advocates, use of protected professional titles, advocacy before Xaraguayan tribunals, and coordination of the legal profession with BILC-X and external counsel.

Prior internal provisions inconsistent with this Act are superseded to the extent of the inconsistency.

Article 68 — External Legal Effect

The internal validity of an academic qualification, professional admission, legal opinion, notarial act or official instrument shall be determined by Xaraguayan law.

Its external use, reception, evidentiary value, professional effect, authentication, legalization or procedural acceptance shall be governed by the applicable rules of the receiving jurisdiction.

Article 69 — Severability

A declaration that one provision is inapplicable to a particular external proceeding shall not invalidate the remaining provisions or the internal constitutional existence of the institutions created by this Act.

Article 70 — Entry Into Force

This Constitutional Organic Act enters into immediate force upon promulgation and publication in the official legal repository of Xaragua.

Article 71 — Constitutional Execution

The Ministry of Justice, University of Xaragua, Bar of Xaragua, BILC-X, High Indigenous Tribunal, customary tribunals, National Bureau of Notaries, National Archives, Keeper of the Seals and all competent public authorities are charged, each within its lawful jurisdiction, with the permanent execution of this Act.

PROMULGATED AND SEALED AT MIRAGOÂNE, CONSTITUTIONAL CAPITAL OF XARAGUA

BY THE OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA

PASCAL DESPUZEAU DAUMEC VIAU

RECTOR-PRESIDENT AND FOUNDING PRELATE

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA

OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT

MINISTRY OF JUSTICE

UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA

BAR OF XARAGUA

BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL CONSULTATION OF XARAGUA

ANNEX I TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANIC ACT ESTABLISHING THE SCHOOL OF LAW, THE BAR OF XARAGUA, THE PROFESSION OF ADVOCATE OF XARAGUA, AND THE PERMANENT JURIDICAL COORDINATION OF THE BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL CONSULTATION OF XARAGUA

ORGANIC CONSTITUTIONAL ANNEX ON EXTERNAL BAR ADMISSION, EQUIVALENCE OF LEGAL QUALIFICATIONS, NON-DISCRIMINATION, CANONICAL EDUCATIONAL LIBERTY, CONCORDATORY PROTECTION, ADMINISTRATIVE DUE PROCESS, AND THE PERMANENT DEFENCE OF THE PROFESSIONAL RIGHTS OF XARAGUAYAN JURISTS

Official Classification: Constitutional Interpretative Annex — External Professional-Recognition Instrument — Indigenous Legal-Education Guarantee — Administrative-Law Safeguard — Anti-Discrimination Statute — Concordatory and Canonical Educational Instrument — Juridical Defence Mandate

Date of Establishment: September 21, 2026

Constitutional Authority: Office of the Rector-President

Competent Executive Authority: Ministry of Justice

Supreme Academic Authority: University of Xaragua

Professional Regulatory Authority: Bar of Xaragua

Competent Legal-Defence Authority: Bureau of International Legal Consultation of Xaragua

Status: Integral, Authoritative and Operative Annex to the Constitutional Organic Act

PREAMBLE

WHEREAS the Sovereign Catholic Indigenous and Private State of Xaragua exercises, within its own constitutional and customary order, the inherent authority of the Indigenous People of Xaragua to establish educational institutions, determine academic programs, transmit its juridical traditions, confer internal qualifications, regulate its legal profession and constitute tribunals competent to administer Xaraguayan law;

WHEREAS the establishment of the School of Law and the Bar of Xaragua constitutes an exercise of Indigenous institutional continuity, academic self-government, professional organization and customary jurisdiction and shall not be construed as a representation that an external State, foreign university, foreign ministry, foreign bar association or external judicial authority has granted recognition, accreditation, equivalence or professional admission;

WHEREAS the University of Xaragua shall not make, publish or imply any unconditional promise that graduation from the School of Law, admission to the Bar of Xaragua or possession of the title Advocate of Xaragua will automatically result in admission to the bar, judiciary, notarial profession, public service or regulated legal profession of an external jurisdiction;

WHEREAS the absence of such a promise does not extinguish, diminish or suspend the juridical right of the University, the Bar, their graduates or their advocates to request recognition, equivalence, individual assessment, administrative processing, professional admission or any other benefit expressly permitted by the law of the receiving jurisdiction;

WHEREAS a jurisdiction possessing legislation for the recognition of foreign legal qualifications is bound to administer that legislation according to its text, purpose, procedural guarantees and applicable superior norms and may not convert a legally established equivalence procedure into an instrument of ethnic, Indigenous, religious, institutional, political or territorial exclusion;

WHEREAS Article 5 of the Haitian Decree of March 29, 1979 regulating the profession of Advocate expressly permits access to the profession by a Haitian national holding a diploma from a foreign faculty when that diploma has been recognized as equivalent to the Licence en droit;

WHEREAS Article 6 of that Decree expressly provides that an applicant relying upon a foreign legal diploma may submit a certificate issued by the Rectorate of the State University of Haiti granting equivalence to a diploma obtained from a foreign Faculty of Law;

WHEREAS Articles 7 through 11 of the same Decree allocate distinct functions to the Bâtonnier, the competent Bar, the civil tribunal and the professional-stage system and establish a juridically ordered sequence comprising examination of the application, admission to the oath, registration as a trainee, professional formation, certification of aptitude and admission to the Roll;

WHEREAS Article 7 requires that the decision concerning admission to the oath be notified to the applicant no later than one month following the filing of the application, Article 8 governs the professional oath, Article 9 declares that the Order is master of its Roll, Article 10 governs the application for inscription, and Article 11 requires the professional stage and Certificate of Aptitude prescribed by law;

WHEREAS the autonomy of a Bar under Articles 4 and 9 of the Decree of March 29, 1979 constitutes regulatory autonomy exercised within law and does not constitute authority to abolish statutory eligibility, suppress the foreign-diploma pathway, disregard a valid equivalence, introduce undisclosed discriminatory requirements or replace a reasoned professional determination with an arbitrary refusal;

WHEREAS Articles 18, 19, 32, 32.1, 32.6, 40 and 276 through 276.2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Haiti respectively protect equality before the law, impose responsibility for the effective guarantee of fundamental rights, regulate the public responsibility for education and access to higher education, require publication of laws and establish the constitutional reception of duly ratified international agreements into domestic legislation;

WHEREAS Article 276.2 of that Constitution provides that international treaties or agreements, once sanctioned and ratified in the manner prescribed by the Constitution, become part of the legislation of the country and abrogate laws contrary to them;

WHEREAS Articles 1 and 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaim equality in dignity and rights and entitlement to rights without distinction; Articles 7 and 8 guarantee equality before the law, equal protection against discrimination and an effective remedy; Article 10 protects the right to a fair hearing; Articles 18, 20, 26 and 27 protect freedom of religion, association, education, cultural participation and the protection of intellectual production;

WHEREAS Articles 2, 14, 26 and 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights require respect for protected rights without discrimination, equality before courts and tribunals, equality before the law, equal protection of the law and protection of the cultural and religious life of minorities;

WHEREAS Articles 2, 13 and 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights protect the enjoyment of Covenant rights without discrimination, recognize the right to education, preserve the liberty of individuals and bodies to establish and direct educational institutions subject to lawful standards, and protect participation in cultural and scientific life;

WHEREAS Articles 1, 2, 5 and 6 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination require the prohibition and elimination of racial discrimination, equality before the law, equal access to education and professional life, and effective protection and remedies against discriminatory acts;

WHEREAS Articles 1, 8, 24 and 25 of the American Convention on Human Rights require respect for Convention rights without discrimination, due process, equality before the law and effective judicial protection against acts violating fundamental rights;

WHEREAS the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted by the General Assembly in Resolution 61/295 of September 13, 2007, recognizes in Articles 3, 4 and 5 the rights of Indigenous peoples to self-determination, autonomy, self-government and the maintenance and strengthening of their distinct political, legal, economic, social and cultural institutions;

WHEREAS Articles 8 and 9 of that Declaration protect Indigenous peoples against forced assimilation and require effective mechanisms against acts depriving them of their integrity, cultural values or identity;

WHEREAS Article 14 recognizes the right of Indigenous peoples to establish and control their educational systems and institutions and to provide education in a manner appropriate to their cultural methods of teaching and learning;

WHEREAS Articles 18 and 19 protect participation through representatives selected according to Indigenous procedures and require consultation and cooperation in good faith concerning measures affecting Indigenous peoples;

WHEREAS Articles 31, 33 and 34 recognize the authority of Indigenous peoples to maintain, control, protect and develop their cultural heritage and traditional knowledge, determine their identity and membership, and promote, develop and maintain their institutional structures, customs, procedures, practices and juridical systems;

WHEREAS Article 40 recognizes the right of Indigenous peoples to access prompt decisions through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes and requires due consideration of Indigenous customs, traditions, rules and legal systems;

WHEREAS Articles 43 and 46 require the Declaration’s rights to constitute minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of Indigenous peoples and require any limitation to be non-discriminatory, legally prescribed and strictly necessary for securing the rights of others and the requirements of a democratic society;

WHEREAS the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted by the General Assembly of the Organization of American States in Resolution AG/RES. 2888 (XLVI-O/16) of June 15, 2016, recognizes the collective organization, juridical personality, cultural identity, educational systems, Indigenous law, political participation, autonomy, self-government and institutional continuity of Indigenous peoples of the Americas;

WHEREAS Articles II, III, VI, IX, XIV, XV, XXI, XXII, XXIII and XXXIII of that American Declaration protect the existence and identity of Indigenous peoples, their collective rights, their juridical personality, their systems of knowledge, their educational institutions, their organizational structures, their Indigenous law and jurisdiction, their right to autonomy or self-government and their right to effective remedies;

WHEREAS Articles 8, 9, 12 and 27 of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989, Convention No. 169 of the International Labour Organization, constitute authoritative international standards concerning respect for Indigenous customs, customary law, access to legal proceedings and Indigenous participation in educational institutions, without this Annex misrepresenting the treaty-status of that Convention in any receiving jurisdiction;

WHEREAS the Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers adopted at Havana in 1990 by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders recognize non-discriminatory access to legal education and the profession, adequate training, independent professional associations, protection against improper interference and fair disciplinary procedures;

WHEREAS Canons 215, 216 and 217 of the Code of Canon Law recognize the right of the Christian faithful freely to establish and direct associations for charitable or pious purposes or for the promotion of the Christian vocation in the world, to promote and sustain apostolic activity according to their own state and condition, and to receive a Christian education directed toward the maturity of the human person and knowledge of the mystery of salvation;

WHEREAS Canons 298 and 299 recognize associations through which the faithful pursue the fostering of a more perfect life, public worship, Christian doctrine, apostolic works, evangelization, piety, charity and the animation of the temporal order with the Christian spirit, including associations constituted by private agreement among the faithful;

WHEREAS Canon 800 §1 declares that the Church possesses the right to establish and direct schools of every discipline, type and level, and Canon 807 declares that the Church possesses the right to establish and govern universities contributing to higher culture, the fuller development of the human person and the teaching mission of the Church;

WHEREAS Canons 793 through 821 constitute a coherent canonical title governing Catholic education, schools, universities and faculties and must be applied with the canonical distinctions, permissions, supervisory competences and conditions established by the universal and particular law of the Church;

WHEREAS the Concordat concluded at Rome on March 28, 1860 between the Holy See and the Republic of Haiti, ratified by the contracting parties, established a bilateral juridical framework governing the institutional presence and protected exercise of the Catholic religion;

WHEREAS Article 1 of the Concordat provides that the Catholic, Apostolic and Roman religion shall receive special protection and enjoy the rights and attributes proper to it;

WHEREAS Article 5 of the Concordat, as revised by the Convention between the Holy See and the Republic of Haiti signed at Port-au-Prince on August 8, 1984, expressly refers to the heads of Catholic schools and religious institutions as holders of recognized institutional offices;

WHEREAS Article 7 of the Concordat recognizes the establishment, administration and instruction of major and minor seminaries according to canonical law and the authority of the competent archbishops and bishops to appoint their superiors, directors and professors;

WHEREAS Article 12 recognizes the establishment of religious orders and institutions approved by the Church, Article 13 protects free correspondence among the bishops, clergy, faithful and Holy See in religious matters, Article 16 protects the execution of the Concordat against contrary statutory interpretation, and Article 17 refers unresolved ecclesiastical matters to the discipline of the Church approved by the Holy See;

WHEREAS the Concordat and the canonical order do not themselves confer admission to a civil bar, but establish a juridically relevant framework protecting Catholic institutional life, educational activity, association and internal ecclesial organization;

WHEREAS Xaragua claims no exemption from legitimate, objective, published and proportionate requirements governing admission to an external regulated profession;

WHEREAS Xaragua nevertheless possesses the solemn, inviolable and sacred institutional duty to require that every law, decree, treaty, constitutional guarantee, concordatory obligation, administrative procedure and professional regulation applicable to its students, graduates, jurists and advocates be administered fully, coherently, impartially and without discriminatory distortion;

NOW, THEREFORE, this Organic Constitutional Annex is enacted as follows.

TITLE I — ABSENCE OF GUARANTEE AND PRESERVATION OF RIGHTS

Article 1 — No Promise of External Admission

Neither the State of Xaragua, the University of Xaragua, the School of Law, the Bar of Xaragua nor BILC-X promises, guarantees or certifies that a degree, diploma, academic credit, professional admission, oath, title or registration issued under Xaraguayan law will automatically produce admission to a bar, court, law society, notarial order, judicial office, public administration or regulated profession governed by an external jurisdiction.

No recruitment statement, academic regulation, diploma, transcript, professional card or public communication shall be interpreted as creating such a guarantee unless the competent external authority has issued an express, written and legally operative determination.

Article 2 — No Waiver of Eligibility

The absence of a guarantee does not constitute:

a. renunciation of the right to apply;

b. abandonment of the statutory foreign-diploma pathway;

c. acceptance of institutional exclusion;

d. consent to discriminatory treatment;

e. concession that Xaraguayan legal education is devoid of juridical value;

f. waiver of the right to equivalence, recognition or individual assessment;

g. waiver of administrative, judicial, constitutional, international or inter-American remedies.

Article 3 — Individual Nature of External Admission

External admission shall be determined according to the law applicable to each applicant, the applicant’s nationality and civil status, the character of the diploma, the competent equivalence procedure, the requirements of the receiving Bar, the prescribed professional stage and the decision of the authorities legally empowered to act.

No graduate shall be represented as admitted before completion of the legally required procedure.

TITLE II — APPLICATION OF THE HAITIAN DECREE OF MARCH 29, 1979

Article 4 — Statutory Foreign-Diploma Pathway

The University and the Bar formally take notice that Article 5(3) of the Haitian Decree of March 29, 1979 recognizes two academic bases for access to the profession:

a. a Licence in Law of the State University of Haiti, juridical section; or

b. a diploma issued by a foreign Faculty and recognized as equivalent to the Licence in Law.

The second pathway forms part of the positive text of the Decree. It shall not be treated as nonexistent, illusory or administratively unavailable merely because the educational institution concerned is Indigenous, Catholic, non-Westphalian, privately organized or constitutionally distinct.

Article 5 — Competent Equivalence Authority

Under Article 6(1) of the Decree, the academic instrument required for a foreign legal diploma is a certificate issued by the Rectorate of the State University of Haiti granting equivalence to a diploma obtained from a foreign Faculty of Law.

A Xaraguayan applicant seeking admission within the Haitian professional order shall comply with that requirement whenever it is legally applicable.

Xaragua reserves the right to request from the competent authority:

a. the official equivalence criteria;

b. the required documentary list;

c. the applicable academic standards;

d. the prescribed filing method;

e. the identity and legal competence of the deciding authority;

f. the examination timetable;

g. the applicable fees;

h. a written and reasoned determination;

i. information concerning administrative or judicial review.

Article 6 — No Automatic Equivalence

A diploma of the University of Xaragua shall not be represented as already equivalent where the competent external authority has not issued the required determination.

The absence of automatic equivalence shall not authorize an authority to refuse to receive, register, examine or determine a properly constituted application where the applicable law establishes an equivalence procedure.

Article 7 — Complete Application of the Decree

Xaragua shall require the Decree to be applied as an integrated legal instrument.

An authority may not invoke the nationality, majority, civil-rights, oath, stage, aptitude or inscription provisions of Articles 5 through 11 while suppressing the foreign-diploma and equivalence provisions contained in Articles 5 and 6.

Neither restrictive administrative practice nor institutional preference may silently repeal a statutory route expressly preserved by the enacted text.

Article 8 — Procedural Regularity

Every applicant is entitled to the procedural treatment established by the governing law, including reception of the application, verification of documents, assessment by the competent authority, observance of the prescribed period, notification of the decision and access to any review procedure available under law.

A refusal based upon undisclosed standards, irrelevant political considerations, ethnic origin, Indigenous identity, Catholic affiliation, institutional nomenclature or hostility toward the constitutional identity of Xaragua shall be treated as presumptively incompatible with legality, equality, due process and administrative impartiality.

Article 9 — Reasoned Decisions

Every adverse determination concerning equivalence, admission to the oath, registration as a trainee, issuance of a certificate of aptitude or inscription upon a professional Roll shall be requested in written and reasoned form.

The determination should identify:

a. the deciding authority;

b. its legal competence;

c. the documents examined;

d. the applicable legal provisions;

e. the academic or professional criteria applied;

f. any deficiency attributed to the application;

g. any corrective measure available;

h. the procedure and period for review.

Article 10 — Bar Autonomy Under Law

The autonomy of a professional Bar protects institutional independence and professional discipline. It does not create a power to suspend constitutional equality, contradict the express conditions enacted by decree, discriminate among legally eligible applicants or substitute political hostility for professional evaluation.

The declaration that the Order is master of its Roll shall be interpreted together with every governing constitutional, statutory, conventional and procedural obligation.

TITLE III — PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION AND ARBITRARY EXCLUSION

Article 11 — Protected Grounds

No application shall be rejected, obstructed, delayed or subjected to unequal requirements solely or principally because of:

a. Indigenous identity or ancestry;

b. membership in the People of Xaragua;

c. Catholic identity or institutional affiliation;

d. political or juridical opinion concerning the status of Xaragua;

e. the private character of an educational institution;

f. territorial origin;

g. language;

h. social origin;

i. association with Xaraguayan institutions;

j. the lawful exercise of Indigenous educational or institutional rights.

Article 12 — Legitimate Academic Evaluation

Nothing in this Annex prohibits a receiving authority from applying objective, necessary, published and proportionate academic or professional requirements.

The competent authority may examine curriculum, duration of studies, academic level, methods of assessment, institutional records, authenticity of documents, competence in the law of the receiving jurisdiction, professional ethics and any other criterion lawfully connected to the regulated profession.

Such examination shall concern qualifications and competence. It shall not constitute a disguised adjudication upon the political identity, dignity, collective existence or constitutional convictions of the Indigenous People of Xaragua.

Article 13 — Equality of Administrative Treatment

Comparable applications shall be governed by comparable procedures and criteria.

If diplomas from other foreign, private, religious, regional or non-traditional institutions are received for equivalence assessment, an institution of Xaragua may not be excluded categorically without a precise legal basis, a legitimate objective and a proportionate evidentiary justification.

Article 14 — Prohibition of Institutional Retaliation

No student, graduate, professor, jurist or advocate shall be penalized in an external equivalence or admission proceeding merely for accurately declaring association with the University, Bar, Government or Indigenous institutions of Xaragua.

The receiving authority retains jurisdiction over the application. It does not thereby acquire authority to suppress the applicant’s lawful identity, Indigenous association, religious affiliation or institutional history.

TITLE IV — CANONICAL AND CONCORDATORY CHARACTER

Article 15 — Canonical Educational Liberty

The University of Xaragua and its School of Law exercise educational and associative functions consistent with the rights of the faithful recognized by Canons 215, 216, 217, 298 and 299 and with the educational principles recognized by Canons 793 through 821.

Canon 800 §1 recognizes the right of the Church to establish and direct schools of every discipline, type and level. Canon 807 recognizes the right of the Church to establish and direct universities contributing to higher culture, the fuller development of the human person and the teaching office of the Church.

These canonical foundations shall be invoked according to their proper canonical character and shall not be misrepresented as automatic civil accreditation or external professional admission.

Article 16 — Canonical Regularity

The University and School shall respect the distinctions established by canon law between:

a. an educational initiative undertaken by members of the faithful;

b. a private association of the faithful;

c. a public juridical person of the Church;

d. a school or university canonically erected or recognized;

e. an institution authorized to bear the title Catholic;

f. an ecclesiastical university or faculty competent to confer canonical degrees.

Nothing in this Annex usurps the competence of the Holy See, a diocesan bishop or another ecclesiastical authority under Canons 300, 305, 312, 803, 808, 809, 810, 812, 816, 817 or other applicable canonical legislation.

Article 17 — Concordatory Protection

The Concordat of March 28, 1860 and the Convention of August 8, 1984 constitute formal juridical instruments governing relations between the Republic of Haiti and the Holy See.

Their recognition of Catholic institutional rights, schools, religious institutions, canonical administration, protected ecclesiastical activity and free communication with the Holy See precludes any presumption that Catholic educational organization is, by its nature alone, illegitimate or incapable of juridical existence.

Article 18 — Proper Scope of the Concordat

The Concordat shall not be invoked as if it directly commanded admission to a civil Bar or predetermined the equivalence of a particular law degree.

It shall be invoked for its proper juridical effect: recognition and protection of Catholic institutional life, religious organization, educational structures and canonical relations within the bilateral legal order established by the contracting parties.

TITLE V — INDIGENOUS EDUCATIONAL AND JURIDICAL AUTHORITY

Article 19 — Internal Authority of Xaragua

Xaragua retains exclusive internal authority to determine:

a. the content of Xaraguayan law;

b. qualifications for admission to the Bar of Xaragua;

c. authority to appear before Xaraguayan customary tribunals;

d. the professional classifications of its jurists;

e. the content of Indigenous and customary legal education;

f. the organization of its legislative, consultative and public legal services.

No external refusal of equivalence shall invalidate a diploma, admission or professional title within the internal jurisdiction of Xaragua.

Article 20 — External Regulatory Authority

Xaragua recognizes that an external jurisdiction determines the conditions for admission to its own Bar and courts.

Such authority shall be exercised according to that jurisdiction’s constitution, legislation, treaties, decrees, professional rules, administrative-law principles and binding guarantees of equality and due process.

Recognition of external regulatory authority does not require Xaragua to accept illegality, discrimination, bad faith, procedural obstruction or arbitrary refusal.

Article 21 — Juridical Reciprocity of Respect

Xaragua does not demand that an external jurisdiction surrender control over its regulated legal profession.

Xaragua demands that the receiving jurisdiction comply with its own law.

Where external law establishes an equivalence mechanism, that mechanism shall be accessible. Where it establishes evidentiary conditions, they shall be disclosed. Where it establishes a decision-making authority, that authority shall act. Where it establishes a period, that period shall be observed. Where it establishes a remedy, that remedy shall remain effective.

TITLE VI — PERMANENT DEFENCE MANDATE

Article 22 — Constitutional Duty of Defence

The defence of lawful access to academic equivalence and professional admission constitutes a permanent constitutional mandate of the Ministry of Justice, the University, the Bar and BILC-X.

That mandate includes the defence of:

a. legality;

b. equality before the law;

c. freedom from discrimination;

d. Indigenous educational autonomy;

e. Catholic institutional liberty;

f. administrative due process;

g. reasoned decision-making;

h. access to effective remedies;

i. professional dignity;

j. documentary and evidentiary integrity.

Article 23 — Graduated Juridical Response

Where an applicant alleges unlawful obstruction, BILC-X may organize a graduated juridical response including:

a. verification of the governing law;

b. authentication of academic and professional documents;

c. formal request for filing instructions;

d. application for equivalence;

e. demand for acknowledgment of receipt;

f. request for a written determination;

g. administrative reconsideration;

h. hierarchical or professional review;

i. complaint before the competent Bar authorities;

j. judicial review before the competent courts;

k. constitutional proceedings where available;

l. proceedings before national human-rights institutions;

m. petitions or communications before competent international or inter-American bodies;

n. engagement of locally admitted counsel;

o. preservation and publication of an official institutional record, subject to confidentiality and procedural law.

Article 24 — Evidentiary Record

Every contested application shall be supported by an organized evidentiary record containing, as applicable:

a. the diploma and transcript;

b. curriculum and course descriptions;

c. academic regulations;

d. evidence of instructional duration and assessment;

e. institutional statutes;

f. professional admission documents;

g. authenticated translations;

h. correspondence with the receiving authority;

i. proof of filing and receipt;

j. decisions and reasons;

k. evidence of comparable treatment;

l. evidence of discriminatory statements or procedural departures;

m. expert opinions;

n. applicable legislation, treaties and professional regulations.

Article 25 — External Counsel

Where proceedings must be instituted before Haitian or another external authority, BILC-X shall coordinate with an advocate admitted in the competent jurisdiction whenever local law reserves advice, signature, filing, appearance or pleading to that advocate.

External counsel shall control the acts reserved by local law. BILC-X shall retain responsibility for the authoritative presentation of Xaraguayan law, institutional history, Indigenous legal materials and the official documentary record of Xaragua.

Article 26 — Available Forums

Subject to jurisdiction, admissibility, exhaustion requirements, limitation periods and applicable procedural law, Xaragua may support recourse before:

a. the competent equivalence authority;

b. the Rectorate and legally constituted academic bodies of the State University of Haiti;

c. the Bâtonnier and Council of Discipline of the competent Bar;

d. the competent civil and administrative courts;

e. the Court of Cassation where legally seised;

f. constitutional or fundamental-rights procedures available under Haitian law;

g. the Office for the Protection of Citizens;

h. the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights;

i. the Inter-American Court of Human Rights where its jurisdiction is lawfully engaged;

j. competent United Nations treaty bodies where the applicable treaty and communication procedure permit seisin;

k. competent ecclesiastical authorities where a genuinely canonical or concordatory question arises;

l. any additional domestic, professional, arbitral, international or diplomatic forum possessing lawful competence.

Article 27 — No Predetermination of Outcome

The institutional defence of an application does not constitute a certification that the applicant satisfies every external condition or that a tribunal must order admission.

It constitutes a demand that the application be received, examined and determined by the competent authority under the law actually in force, upon objective evidence, through a fair procedure and without prohibited discrimination.

Article 28 — Institutional Standing and Assistance

Where legally permissible, the University, the Bar, the Ministry of Justice and BILC-X may provide institutional declarations, academic records, expert opinions, amicus materials, comparative analyses, legal memoranda, authenticated copies and financial or technical assistance in support of an applicant.

No institution shall interfere unlawfully with the independent professional judgment of external counsel or the adjudicative independence of the competent authority.

TITLE VII — OFFICIAL DOCTRINE OF XARAGUA

Article 29 — Doctrine of Non-Promise and Full Enforcement

The official doctrine of Xaragua is declared as follows:

a. Xaragua does not promise admission to any external Bar;

b. Xaragua does not claim authority to waive external professional requirements;

c. Xaragua recognizes the competence of each jurisdiction over admission to its own courts;

d. Xaragua shall use every lawful pathway made available by external law;

e. Xaragua shall demand complete application of equivalence and admission legislation;

f. Xaragua shall oppose discrimination, arbitrariness, political retaliation and procedural obstruction;

g. Xaragua shall defend the internal validity of its institutions and qualifications;

h. Xaragua shall distinguish internal professional status from external professional authorization;

i. Xaragua shall preserve every administrative, judicial, constitutional, conventional, inter-American, international and canonical remedy lawfully available.

Article 30 — No Administrative Erasure of Statutory Rights

An administrative authority may interpret and apply legislation within the limits of its competence. It may not erase an express statutory category, add a prohibited discriminatory condition, refuse jurisdiction through institutional silence or transform professional assessment into a political trial of an Indigenous people.

A foreign-diploma provision remains legally operative until amended, repealed, displaced by superior law or declared inapplicable by a competent authority according to law.

Article 31 — Sacred Juridical Duty

For Xaragua, the defence of its students, graduates, jurists and advocates against unlawful exclusion is not a matter of institutional prestige or discretionary diplomacy.

It is a sacred juridical duty arising from the dignity of the human person, the collective continuity of the Indigenous People, the constitutional authority of Xaragua, the rights of the faithful, the integrity of education, equality before the law and the permanent obligation to resist the conversion of public authority into an instrument of arbitrary exclusion.

Article 32 — Permanent Reservation of Rights

Xaragua expressly reserves all rights, proceedings, remedies, petitions, representations, applications, requests for recognition, claims for equal treatment and measures of institutional defence available under:

a. Xaraguayan constitutional and customary law;

b. Haitian constitutional, administrative, educational and professional law;

c. the Decree of March 29, 1979 regulating the profession of Advocate;

d. ratified international treaties;

e. applicable inter-American instruments;

f. Indigenous-rights declarations and standards;

g. canon law;

h. the Concordat of March 28, 1860 and the Convention of August 8, 1984;

i. general principles of legality, equality, good faith, due process and effective judicial protection;

j. any subsequent instrument offering greater protection.

Article 33 — Non-Derogation

Nothing in this Annex shall be interpreted to reduce:

a. the internal authority of the Bar of Xaragua;

b. the academic authority of the University of Xaragua;

c. the customary jurisdiction of the tribunals of Xaragua;

d. the constitutional functions of the Ministry of Justice;

e. the legal-defence mandate of BILC-X;

f. any more favorable right conferred by domestic, international, inter-American, concordatory or canonical law.

Article 34 — Incorporation

This Annex forms an integral part of the Constitutional Organic Act Establishing the School of Law, the Bar of Xaragua, the Profession of Advocate of Xaragua, and the Permanent Juridical Coordination of the Bureau of International Legal Consultation of Xaragua.

It shall be read together with Articles 19, 20, 23, 43 through 50, 56 through 60 and 68 of that Act.

Article 35 — Entry Into Force

This Annex enters into immediate constitutional and administrative force upon promulgation and publication in the official legal repository of Xaragua.

PROMULGATED AND SEALED AT MIRAGOÂNE, CONSTITUTIONAL CAPITAL OF XARAGUA

BY THE OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA

PASCAL DESPUZEAU DAUMEC VIAU

RECTOR-PRESIDENT AND FOUNDING PRELATE

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA

OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT

MINISTRY OF JUSTICE

UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA

SCHOOL OF LAW OF XARAGUA

BAR OF XARAGUA

BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL CONSULTATION OF XARAGUA

ANNEX II TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANIC ACT ESTABLISHING THE SCHOOL OF LAW, THE BAR OF XARAGUA, THE PROFESSION OF ADVOCATE OF XARAGUA, AND THE PERMANENT JURIDICAL COORDINATION OF THE BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL CONSULTATION OF XARAGUA

ORGANIC CONSTITUTIONAL ANNEX ON GENERAL JURIDICAL FORMATION, INDIGENOUS-LAW SPECIALIZATION, EXTERNAL-JURISDICTION QUALIFICATION, PROFESSIONAL CONVERSION, COMPLEMENTARY STUDIES, REGULATORY COMPLIANCE, AND THE PERSONAL COSTS OF ADMISSION TO AN EXTERNAL BAR

Official Classification: Constitutional Academic-Qualification Instrument — Professional-Specialization Statute — External Bar-Admission Regulation — Jurisdictional-Competence Doctrine — Academic Equivalence Framework — Professional-Conversion and Complementary-Formation Act

Date of Establishment: September 21, 2026

Constitutional Authority: Office of the Rector-President

Competent Executive Authority: Ministry of Justice

Supreme Academic Authority: University of Xaragua

Professional Regulatory Authority: Bar of Xaragua

Competent Juridical-Cooperation Authority: Bureau of International Legal Consultation of Xaragua

Status: Integral, Authoritative and Operative Annex to the Constitutional Organic Act

PREAMBLE

WHEREAS the University of Xaragua possesses the inherent constitutional and academic authority to determine the intellectual structure, disciplinary content, institutional purpose, degree classifications, professional orientation and jurisdictional scope of the legal education provided within the School of Law of Xaragua;

WHEREAS the School of Law is established principally to form jurists possessing a coherent general command of legal reasoning, constitutional organization, statutory interpretation, legislative drafting, public institutions, private juridical relations, procedure, evidence, professional responsibility and the sources of law;

WHEREAS the primary professional object of the School is not the mechanical reproduction of the licensing curriculum of every foreign State, province, territory, federation, bar association or judicial district, but the formation of intellectually competent jurists capable of understanding legal systems, interpreting authoritative instruments and acquiring additional jurisdiction-specific competence when required;

WHEREAS no universal legal curriculum can, by itself, confer complete operational mastery of the positive law, procedural rules, professional regulations, judicial institutions, licensing requirements, official languages, professional usages and jurisprudential authorities of every external jurisdiction;

WHEREAS the law governing admission to a professional Bar is necessarily jurisdictional and may require specialized study of the constitution, codes, statutes, regulations, judicial organization, procedure, evidence, professional ethics, public law, private law and institutional practices of the admitting jurisdiction;

WHEREAS a general legal education and a jurisdiction-specific professional qualification constitute related but legally distinct forms of competence;

WHEREAS the University of Xaragua provides general juridical formation and develops transferable legal capacities, including legal analysis, classification of authorities, research, interpretation, drafting, argumentation, documentary administration and institutional judgment;

WHEREAS the University provides a distinct and substantive specialization in Indigenous law, Xaraguayan constitutional law, customary jurisdiction, Indigenous institutional organization, collective rights, territorial governance and the juridical corpus of Xaragua;

WHEREAS, except where an academic instrument expressly provides otherwise, the University does not represent its general legal programs as specialized professional training in Haitian law, Canadian law, Québec law, Dominican law, United States law, French law, canon law for ecclesiastical office, or the complete domestic licensing law of another external jurisdiction;

WHEREAS the study of comparative, international, Haitian, Caribbean, civil-law, common-law, canon-law or other external legal materials within the curriculum does not, by itself, constitute a professional specialization authorizing practice before the institutions governed by those legal systems;

WHEREAS the granting of an academic degree by the University and admission to the Bar of Xaragua remain distinct from admission to any external Bar, judicial order, law society, notarial order or regulated legal profession;

WHEREAS an applicant seeking external professional admission bears the obligation to ascertain and satisfy the substantive, academic, administrative, linguistic, financial, ethical, experiential and procedural conditions imposed by the competent external authority;

WHEREAS no constitutional right to establish an Indigenous educational institution abolishes the lawful authority of an external jurisdiction to prescribe legitimate requirements for admission to its own regulated legal profession;

WHEREAS no legitimate external regulatory power authorizes the discriminatory suppression of an equivalence procedure, arbitrary refusal to examine a diploma, political evaluation of Indigenous identity or categorical exclusion unrelated to demonstrated professional competence;

WHEREAS the constitutional defence of equal access to an external admission procedure is fully compatible with the obligation of every applicant to satisfy the lawful conditions of that procedure;

WHEREAS the University shall defend the integrity of its degrees but shall not assume financial, academic or professional obligations that belong personally to a graduate seeking admission in a jurisdiction for which the University did not provide a complete qualifying specialization;

NOW, THEREFORE, this Organic Constitutional Annex is enacted as follows.

BOOK I — CONSTITUTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF LEGAL FORMATION

TITLE I — GENERAL JURIDICAL FORMATION

Article 1 — General Character of Legal Education

Except for the specializations expressly established by law or academic regulation, the School of Law of Xaragua provides general juridical formation.

General juridical formation is the systematic development of the intellectual, methodological, doctrinal, institutional and professional capacities necessary to understand the nature, sources, organization, interpretation and operation of law.

It does not constitute an undertaking to reproduce the complete admission curriculum of every external Bar.

Article 2 — Purpose of General Formation

General juridical formation shall prepare jurists capable of:

a. identifying and classifying sources of law;

b. distinguishing constitutional, legislative, regulatory, judicial, customary, contractual, canonical and doctrinal authority;

c. interpreting constitutions, statutes, codes, regulations, judgments and agreements;

d. conducting juridical research;

e. drafting legislation, regulations, contracts, opinions, pleadings and institutional instruments;

f. analyzing facts, evidence, jurisdiction, procedure and remedies;

g. understanding public and private juridical relations;

h. evaluating comparative legal systems;

i. identifying conflicts of laws and jurisdiction;

j. observing professional responsibility, confidentiality and documentary integrity;

k. acquiring additional jurisdiction-specific competence through complementary formation.

Article 3 — Transferable Juridical Competence

The degree conferred by the University certifies the academic competence expressly described by its title, transcript, curriculum and governing regulations.

It may demonstrate substantial transferable juridical competence. It shall not be interpreted as certifying mastery of legislation, procedure or professional practice absent from the approved program.

Article 4 — General Jurist

A graduate formed under the general juridical curriculum may be designated as a jurist according to the applicable academic and professional classification.

The status of jurist denotes legal education, analytical competence and capacity to perform juridical work not reserved by law to a separately licensed professional.

It does not automatically confer the protected professional status of advocate, attorney, barrister, solicitor, notary, prosecutor, judge or officer of an external jurisdiction.

TITLE II — SPECIALIZATION IN INDIGENOUS LAW

Article 5 — Principal Specialization

The principal and inherent legal specialization of the University of Xaragua is Indigenous law.

That specialization includes:

a. the constitutional law of Xaragua;

b. Indigenous customary law;

c. customary jurisdiction and dispute resolution;

d. collective personality and collective rights;

e. Indigenous self-determination, autonomy and self-government;

f. Indigenous political and juridical institutions;

g. Indigenous territorial and maritime governance;

h. Indigenous land, resource and environmental rights;

i. cultural heritage and collective intellectual property;

j. Indigenous legal history and institutional continuity;

k. relations between Indigenous law and external legal systems;

l. international and inter-American Indigenous-rights instruments;

m. documentation, preservation and application of customary norms;

n. legislative drafting for Indigenous institutions;

o. the complete enacted juridical corpus of Xaragua.

Article 6 — Jurisdictional Completeness of Indigenous-Law Formation

Within its defined subject matter, the Indigenous-law specialization is not ancillary, folkloric or merely comparative.

It constitutes a complete field of public, customary, constitutional, territorial, institutional and professional legal study directed toward the operation and development of the juridical order of Xaragua and the defence of Indigenous collective rights.

Article 7 — Authority to Practise Xaraguayan Law

Authority to practise Xaraguayan law shall be determined exclusively by Xaraguayan law and the admission regulations of the Bar of Xaragua.

A person satisfying the academic, professional, ethical and oath requirements established by Xaragua may be admitted as an Advocate of Xaragua notwithstanding the absence of admission to an external Bar.

Article 8 — No Presumption of External Domestic Specialization

Competence in Indigenous law, Xaraguayan law or international Indigenous-rights instruments shall not be represented as complete professional specialization in the domestic law of an external jurisdiction.

An Advocate of Xaragua seeking to practise before an external court shall obtain the domestic legal formation and professional authorization required by the competent external authority.

BOOK II — EXTERNAL-JURISDICTION SPECIALIZATION

TITLE I — PRINCIPLE OF JURISDICTIONAL QUALIFICATION

Article 9 — External Admission as a Distinct Qualification

Admission to an external Bar constitutes a jurisdiction-specific professional qualification.

It may require mastery of the positive law, judicial institutions, procedural rules, professional standards, official languages, legal culture and regulatory system of the receiving jurisdiction.

The qualification shall be acquired under the law and supervision of the authorities competent within that jurisdiction.

Article 10 — Separation of Academic Degree and Professional Licence

An academic degree attests to the successful completion of a defined program of study.

A professional licence or admission to a Bar authorizes the performance of legally reserved acts within a defined jurisdiction.

Neither instrument shall be substituted for the other unless the law of the competent jurisdiction expressly produces that effect.

Article 11 — Jurisdiction-Specific Competence

A candidate for external admission may be required to demonstrate competence in:

a. the constitutional law of the receiving jurisdiction;

b. its civil or common law;

c. criminal law and criminal procedure;

d. civil procedure;

e. administrative law;

f. commercial and corporate law;

g. family and succession law;

h. property law;

i. evidence;

j. taxation;

k. professional responsibility;

l. judicial organization;

m. legal drafting and advocacy;

n. local jurisprudence;

o. the official language or languages of professional operation;

p. any other subject prescribed by the competent authority.

Article 12 — No Universal Professional Conversion

No diploma may be presumed to contain the complete domestic law of every jurisdiction.

The transition from general juridical formation to external professional practice may therefore require academic conversion, supplementary instruction, examinations, supervised practice or another legally prescribed process.

Such requirements shall not be characterized as a diminution of the Xaraguayan degree where they are objective, published, proportionate and equally administered.

TITLE II — COMPLEMENTARY FORMATION

Article 13 — Obligation of the Applicant

A graduate seeking admission to an external Bar bears primary responsibility for obtaining every complementary qualification required by that Bar.

This responsibility includes identifying and completing:

a. prerequisite courses;

b. jurisdiction-specific law courses;

c. equivalence examinations;

d. professional entrance examinations;

e. language examinations;

f. legal-ethics programs;

g. vocational training;

h. supervised articles, internships or professional stages;

i. character-and-fitness procedures;

j. documentary authentication;

k. immigration or residency requirements where applicable;

l. continuing professional obligations imposed before final admission.

Article 14 — Complementary Studies

The competent external authority may require the applicant to complete courses or examinations in the domestic law of the receiving jurisdiction.

Such requirements may be fulfilled through a university, law school, professional training institution, Bar school, accredited provider or other institution accepted by the competent authority.

The University of Xaragua does not certify in advance that an external authority will accept any particular complementary program.

Article 15 — Bridging and Conversion Programs

Where permitted, a graduate may complete a bridging, conversion, equivalence or advanced-standing program designed to translate prior legal education into the professional framework of the receiving jurisdiction.

Participation in such a program remains legally separate from the original Xaraguayan degree and shall be governed by the rules of the institution and jurisdiction providing it.

Article 16 — External Domestic-Law Program

Where a jurisdiction requires substantial specialization in its domestic law, the applicant shall obtain that specialization from an institution authorized or accepted for that purpose.

The University may establish cooperative or delegated programs, but no such program shall be deemed operative without a written institutional act defining its curriculum, authority, recognition, duration, assessment and legal effect.

Article 17 — No Implied External Curriculum

The inclusion of individual courses concerning an external legal system does not transform the general program into a qualifying degree in that system.

A course in Haitian law does not, without an express academic enactment, convert the degree into a Haitian law degree. A course in Canadian, Québec, Dominican, French, United States, international or canon law does not create a professional specialization in the corresponding jurisdiction.

BOOK III — EXTERNAL ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

TITLE I — REGULATORY COMPLIANCE

Article 18 — Submission to Applicable Law

Every applicant for admission to an external Bar shall submit to the constitution, legislation, decrees, regulations, professional rules, evidentiary requirements and lawful decisions governing admission in the receiving jurisdiction.

The applicant may contest illegality without refusing lawful regulation.

Article 19 — Documentary Requirements

The applicant shall obtain and submit all documents legally required, which may include:

a. official diploma;

b. academic transcript;

c. detailed course descriptions;

d. statement of instructional hours or credits;

e. academic regulations;

f. proof of institutional status;

g. certified translations;

h. authentication, legalization or apostille where applicable;

i. identity and nationality documents;

j. civil-status documents;

k. criminal-record certificates;

l. certificates of good character;

m. professional references;

n. evidence of prior admission or standing;

o. certificates concerning disciplinary history;

p. proof of language competence;

q. proof of payment of prescribed charges.

Article 20 — Accuracy of Documents

Every applicant shall ensure that all submitted documents are complete, authentic, current and accurately translated.

Falsification, alteration, concealment of material information or misuse of an institutional seal shall constitute grounds for disciplinary proceedings within Xaragua independently of any sanction imposed by the external jurisdiction.

Article 21 — Character and Fitness

An external Bar may require an inquiry into character, integrity, criminal history, financial conduct, professional discipline or fitness for legal practice.

Compliance with a lawful character-and-fitness investigation remains the personal responsibility of the applicant.

The University, the Bar of Xaragua and BILC-X may certify only facts contained within their lawful records.

Article 22 — Examination Requirements

Where an external authority requires examinations, the applicant shall register, prepare, appear and satisfy the applicable passing standards.

The University is not responsible for the applicant’s examination result and does not guarantee exemption, advanced standing or successful completion.

Article 23 — Professional Stage

Where admission requires a professional stage, articles, apprenticeship, clinical placement or supervised practice, the applicant shall personally obtain or apply for the required placement according to local law.

The School of Law may document previous practical formation but shall not represent that such formation automatically replaces an external stage.

Article 24 — Professional Oath and Registration

The applicant shall complete the oath, inscription, registration, insurance, trust-account, professional-address, continuing-education and annual-renewal requirements imposed by the receiving Bar.

Admission to the Bar of Xaragua does not dispense with any such requirement.

TITLE II — FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Article 25 — Personal Responsibility for Costs

Unless a written scholarship, public appropriation, contractual undertaking or institutional decision provides otherwise, every cost associated with external equivalence, complementary study and professional admission shall be borne personally by the applicant.

Article 26 — Categories of Costs

The applicant’s responsibility may include:

a. application and equivalence fees;

b. academic-assessment charges;

c. transcript and document-production fees;

d. certification and authentication charges;

e. translation expenses;

f. legalization or apostille costs;

g. examination fees;

h. examination-preparation expenses;

i. tuition for complementary courses;

j. bridging or conversion-program tuition;

k. professional-stage expenses;

l. Bar-school tuition;

m. registration and oath fees;

n. professional dues;

o. insurance premiums;

p. background-check charges;

q. travel and accommodation;

r. immigration, visa or residency expenses;

s. external legal fees;

t. judicial or administrative filing fees;

u. expert fees;

v. any tax, levy or incidental charge imposed by the receiving jurisdiction.

Article 27 — No Institutional Debt

The University, the Ministry of Justice, the Bar of Xaragua and BILC-X shall incur no debt, reimbursement obligation, guarantee, indemnity or financial liability merely because a graduate elects to seek external admission.

No applicant may contract on behalf of those institutions without express written authority issued by the competent organ.

Article 28 — Scholarships and Assistance

The competent institutions may establish scholarships, fee waivers, loans, grants, legal-assistance funds or institutional sponsorships.

Such assistance shall arise only from a written decision identifying the beneficiary, amount, purpose, duration, conditions, reporting obligations and source of funds.

No general entitlement to financial assistance is created by this Annex.

Article 29 — Cost Disclosure

The University may inform students that external admission is likely to require additional time, study and expenditure.

Because external requirements may change, each applicant remains responsible for obtaining current official information directly from the competent authority.

BOOK IV — INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

TITLE I — UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA

Article 30 — Duty of Academic Accuracy

The University shall describe its legal programs according to their actual content and jurisdictional purpose.

It shall identify:

a. the qualification conferred;

b. the general or specialized character of the program;

c. the principal legal system studied;

d. the internal professional consequences of graduation;

e. the distinction between graduation and admission to the Bar;

f. the absence of automatic external admission.

Article 31 — Academic Records

The University shall maintain sufficient records to permit a competent authority to evaluate the applicant’s formation, including curricula, course descriptions, credits, assessments, grades, academic regulations and graduation decisions.

The University may charge reasonable fees for the preparation, certification, translation or transmission of official records.

Article 32 — No Duty to Redesign the University

The University shall not be compelled to restructure its Indigenous academic mission around the licensing curriculum of an external jurisdiction merely because an individual graduate intends to practise there.

External professional mobility shall be achieved through lawful equivalence, complementary specialization and professional conversion, not through the subordination of the entire University to a foreign licensing system.

Article 33 — Authority to Create Future Specializations

The University may establish additional jurisdictional or disciplinary specializations by formal academic enactment.

Every such enactment shall identify:

a. the legal system or field concerned;

b. the curriculum;

c. admission requirements;

d. credits and duration;

e. assessment methods;

f. faculty competence;

g. professional purpose;

h. any external agreement or recognition;

i. the precise limits of the qualification.

No specialization shall be presumed before its formal establishment.

TITLE II — BAR OF XARAGUA

Article 34 — Internal Professional Qualification

The Bar of Xaragua shall determine whether an applicant possesses the academic formation, knowledge of Xaraguayan law, professional judgment, practical competence and ethical fitness required for admission within Xaragua.

The Bar shall not certify competence in the positive law of an external jurisdiction unless an authorized examination or formal specialization supports that certification.

Article 35 — Certificates of Standing

The Bar may issue certificates concerning:

a. admission to the Bar of Xaragua;

b. date and legal basis of admission;

c. current professional status;

d. disciplinary history;

e. authorized internal functions;

f. continuing education;

g. professional classifications.

A certificate of standing shall not certify admission to a foreign Bar.

Article 36 — Professional Designations Abroad

A member not separately admitted in the receiving jurisdiction shall use a designation accurately identifying the Xaraguayan jurisdiction of admission.

No member may rely upon a Xaraguayan professional title to evade an external licensing requirement.

TITLE III — BILC-X

Article 37 — Advisory Function

BILC-X may assist applicants by:

a. identifying the governing external legislation;

b. compiling documentary requirements;

c. preparing institutional explanations;

d. authenticating Xaraguayan legal materials;

e. coordinating certified translations;

f. analyzing equivalence criteria;

g. communicating with external counsel;

h. preparing administrative or judicial records;

i. contesting discriminatory or arbitrary decisions through lawful procedures.

Article 38 — No Assumption of Personal Obligation

Assistance by BILC-X does not transfer to BILC-X the applicant’s personal responsibility for deadlines, examinations, tuition, professional stages, fees, travel, immigration requirements or compliance with the receiving jurisdiction’s rules.

Every mandate shall specify the precise services authorized.

Article 39 — External Professional Advice

Where advice concerning the law of the receiving jurisdiction constitutes a reserved professional act, the applicant shall consult a person locally authorized to provide that advice.

BILC-X may coordinate the file but shall not falsely represent itself as locally admitted counsel.

BOOK V — EQUIVALENCE, DEFICIENCIES AND REMEDIES

Article 40 — Academic Deficiency Determinations

A competent external authority may determine that the applicant’s prior formation lacks specified subjects required for admission.

Every such determination should identify the deficient subjects, governing standard, available corrective pathway and legal effect of completing the prescribed formation.

Article 41 — Right to Cure

Where the applicable law permits correction of academic deficiencies, the applicant shall be afforded access to the prescribed courses, examinations or assessments on equal terms.

A remediable deficiency shall not be converted into permanent institutional exclusion without a sufficient legal basis.

Article 42 — Proportionality

Complementary requirements should correspond to demonstrated differences between the applicant’s formation and the essential competence required by the receiving jurisdiction.

They shall not be designed or administered as punitive measures against Indigenous identity, Catholic affiliation, Xaraguayan institutional membership or the lawful political convictions of the applicant.

Article 43 — Contestation of Unlawful Requirements

An applicant may challenge a requirement that is unauthorized, discriminatory, retroactive, procedurally irregular, manifestly disproportionate or inconsistently applied.

The exercise of a lawful remedy does not suspend the applicant’s obligation to comply with all uncontested requirements.

Article 44 — Burden of Personal Preparation

Institutional defence against discrimination does not replace personal academic preparation.

A graduate alleging unequal treatment must nevertheless demonstrate documentary completeness, academic seriousness, professional fitness and compliance with every lawful condition applicable to the application.

BOOK VI — OFFICIAL CONSTITUTIONAL DOCTRINE

Article 45 — Doctrine of General Formation and Local Specialization

The official doctrine of Xaragua is declared as follows:

a. the University forms general jurists;

b. its principal legal specialization is Indigenous and Xaraguayan law;

c. external Bar admission constitutes a distinct jurisdiction-specific qualification;

d. comparative study does not equal professional specialization;

e. an external jurisdiction may require complementary domestic-law formation;

f. the applicant must satisfy lawful academic, professional and procedural conditions;

g. the applicant ordinarily bears the associated costs;

h. the University does not promise admission or finance professional conversion;

i. external requirements must be objective, lawful, published and non-discriminatory;

j. Xaragua shall contest arbitrary exclusion while requiring personal compliance from its graduates.

Article 46 — Doctrine of Professional Responsibility

A person seeking admission outside Xaragua assumes responsibility for the strategic, academic and financial consequences of that decision.

The State and University shall provide accurate records and may provide legal or institutional assistance. They shall not assume the applicant’s examinations, studies, fees, professional stage or duty of compliance.

Article 47 — Doctrine of Institutional Integrity

The University shall not misrepresent a general legal education as a universal professional licence.

It shall not diminish that education merely because a receiving jurisdiction requires additional domestic-law specialization.

General juridical competence and local professional qualification shall each be recognized according to their proper legal character.

Article 48 — No Inferiority of General Juridical Formation

The requirement of complementary specialization does not render the original legal education incomplete for its established purpose.

It reflects the jurisdictional character of positive law and the legitimate distinction between general legal capacity and authority to perform reserved professional acts within a particular external order.

Article 49 — No Exemption Through Indigenous Status

Indigenous institutional status does not, by itself, exempt an applicant from legitimate external professional standards.

It prohibits neither examination nor equivalence assessment. It requires that those processes respect equality, Indigenous identity, institutional dignity, procedural fairness and the applicable rights of the applicant.

Article 50 — No Extinguishment Through External Refusal

An external refusal of admission does not extinguish:

a. the applicant’s academic degree;

b. the applicant’s status as a jurist;

c. admission to the Bar of Xaragua;

d. authority to practise Xaraguayan law;

e. authority to appear before Xaraguayan tribunals;

f. competence in Indigenous law;

g. eligibility to reapply or pursue another lawful professional pathway;

h. the right to contest the refusal before a competent authority.

BOOK VII — FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 51 — Student Declaration

The University may require every candidate in law to acknowledge that:

a. the program’s jurisdictional character has been disclosed;

b. graduation is distinct from admission to a Bar;

c. external admission may require additional study;

d. external authorities control their own licensing procedures;

e. the candidate is personally responsible for verifying current requirements;

f. external qualification may generate substantial costs;

g. no admission guarantee has been made.

Such acknowledgment records disclosure and does not waive any right against discrimination, arbitrariness or unlawful administrative conduct.

Article 52 — Interpretation

This Annex shall be interpreted consistently with:

a. the Constitution of Xaragua;

b. the Constitutional Organic Act establishing the School of Law and Bar of Xaragua;

c. Annex I concerning external Bar admission, equivalence and non-discrimination;

d. the academic laws of the University;

e. the professional regulations of the Bar of Xaragua;

f. the applicable law of the receiving jurisdiction;

g. relevant international, inter-American, Indigenous, canonical and concordatory instruments.

Article 53 — Non-Derogation

Nothing in this Annex shall reduce the right of a graduate to request equivalence, seek external admission, obtain complementary formation, challenge discrimination, demand a reasoned decision or pursue a lawful remedy.

Nothing in this Annex shall impose upon the University a specialization, expenditure, representation or guarantee that it has not expressly undertaken.

Article 54 — Implementing Regulations

The University, Ministry of Justice, Bar of Xaragua and BILC-X may issue regulations, forms, disclosures, documentary protocols, fee schedules, advisory procedures and cooperation instruments necessary for the execution of this Annex.

Article 55 — Constitutional Incorporation

This Annex forms an integral part of the Constitutional Organic Act Establishing the School of Law, the Bar of Xaragua, the Profession of Advocate of Xaragua, and the Permanent Juridical Coordination of the Bureau of International Legal Consultation of Xaragua.

Article 56 — Entry Into Force

This Organic Constitutional Annex enters into immediate force upon promulgation and publication in the official legal repository of Xaragua.

PROMULGATED AND SEALED AT MIRAGOÂNE, CONSTITUTIONAL CAPITAL OF XARAGUA

BY THE OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA

PASCAL DESPUZEAU DAUMEC VIAU

RECTOR-PRESIDENT AND FOUNDING PRELATE

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA
OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT
SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AND ACADEMIC AUTHORITY
UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA
GENERAL ACADEMIC REGISTER
GENERAL ARCHIVES OF THE STATE
SUPREME ORGANIC ACADEMIC FOUNDING ACT
ON THE PERMANENT CONSTITUTION, ACADEMIC JURISDICTION, DISCIPLINARY ORDER, CURRICULAR COMPETENCE, RESEARCH MANDATE, MICROPROGRAM AUTHORITY AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY QUALIFICATION FUNCTIONS OF THE FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES
Official Classification: Supreme Organic Academic Instrument — Faculty Constituting Act — Social and Human Sciences Jurisdiction Statute — Microprogram Administration Act — Multidisciplinary Qualifications Instrument — Research and State Knowledge Regulation
Constituting Authority: Office of the Rector-President
Supreme Academic Institution: University of Xaragua
Competent Academic Organ: Faculty of Social and Human Sciences
Permanent Academic Registry: General Academic Register
Archival Depositary: General Archives of the State
Institutional Status: Permanent Constituent Faculty
Territorial Scope: Entire academic, constitutional, territorial, digital and institutional jurisdiction of the University of Xaragua
Academic Effect: Organic, permanent, controlling and directly applicable
PREAMBLE
IN THE NAME OF GOD, source of knowledge, justice, lawful authority and institutional order;
BY THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUENT AUTHORITY of the Indigenous People of Xaragua;
BY THE SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AND ACADEMIC COMPETENCE vested in the Office of the Rector-President and exercised through the University of Xaragua;
IN EXECUTION OF the Indigenous right to establish, administer and control educational institutions, systems of knowledge, methods of instruction, research priorities, academic qualifications and mechanisms for the transmission of collective intellectual patrimony;
CONSIDERING that the social and human sciences constitute a principal instrument for the systematic study of peoples, societies, historical formations, communities, cultures, identities, populations, institutions, systems of thought, collective behaviour and mechanisms of knowledge transmission;
CONSIDERING that the Indigenous People of Xaragua possesses an extensive constitutional, historical, territorial, genealogical, ethnological, anthropological, sociological, philosophical, religious, demographic, literary, archival and cultural corpus requiring permanent academic classification, instruction, research, preservation and institutional transmission;
CONSIDERING that the University of Xaragua exercises academic jurisdiction through constituted faculties, registered microprograms, approved curricula, verified assessment, Sovereign Academic Credits and permanently authenticated academic records;
CONSIDERING that the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences is required to transform the existing corpus of Xaragua into an organized and cumulative order of higher learning capable of sustaining historical knowledge, social analysis, cultural administration, community formation, archival continuity, pedagogical competence and territorial understanding;
CONSIDERING that the academic system of the University is founded upon microprograms comprising five courses of three Sovereign Academic Credits each, producing a statutory value of fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits per microprogram;
CONSIDERING that certificates, bachelor’s degrees and advanced bachelor’s degrees established within the jurisdiction of the Faculty shall be constituted through the multidisciplinary qualification order of the University;
THE OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT hereby establishes, constitutes and permanently incorporates the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences within the academic order of the University of Xaragua.
BOOK I
CONSTITUTION AND INSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF THE FACULTY
Article 1 — Formal Establishment
The Faculty of Social and Human Sciences is hereby established as a permanent constituent faculty of the University of Xaragua.
The Faculty shall constitute the principal academic organ responsible for the organized study, interpretation, preservation and transmission of knowledge concerning human societies, historical formations, cultures, collective identities, social relations, populations, communities, systems of thought and mechanisms of cultural continuity.
The Faculty shall exercise academic, curricular, evaluative, research, documentary and qualification jurisdiction within the disciplinary fields expressly attributed to it by this Act and by the superior academic law of the University.
Article 2 — Constitutional Foundation
The Faculty derives its institutional competence from the constitutional and academic order of Xaragua, the governing laws of the University, the Indigenous educational authority of the People of Xaragua and the academic powers lawfully exercised by the Office of the Rector-President.
Its academic jurisdiction shall be exercised through the University and within the hierarchy of constitutional acts, supreme academic laws, faculty regulations, registered curricula, assessment instruments and decisions entered in the General Academic Register.
Article 3 — Institutional Personality
The Faculty possesses a permanent academic identity within the University of Xaragua.
Its institutional personality comprises:
a) disciplinary jurisdiction;
b) curricular competence;
c) microprogram administration;
d) research authority;
e) assessment jurisdiction;
f) authority to recommend academic conferral;
g) archival and documentary functions;
h) authority to establish academic chairs, research units, seminars and approved study sequences;
i) authority to supervise instruction placed within its competence; and
j) responsibility for the integrity of the academic records produced under its jurisdiction.
Article 4 — Supreme Academic Integration
The Faculty forms an integral component of the unified academic order of the University of Xaragua.
Every programme, microprogram, course, research activity, assessment, academic record and qualification administered by the Faculty shall operate under the supreme academic authority of the University.
Every academic act of the Faculty shall receive its institutional effect through the competent organs, procedures, registers and authentication mechanisms of the University.
Article 5 — Permanent Mission
The permanent mission of the Faculty is to produce, organize, examine, preserve and transmit disciplined knowledge concerning:
a) the Indigenous People of Xaragua;
b) the historical formation of its territory and institutions;
c) the social organization of its communities;
d) the cultural and intellectual traditions incorporated into its collective patrimony;
e) the demographic, familial, migratory and territorial conditions of its population;
f) the human consequences of colonial, revolutionary, postcolonial and contemporary institutional formations;
g) the relations among identity, memory, territory, language, religion, education and social continuity;
h) the methods by which historical, social and cultural knowledge is established, verified and transmitted; and
i) the institutional requirements of community development, education, archival preservation and cultural administration.
BOOK II
DISCIPLINARY JURISDICTION
Article 6 — General Jurisdiction
The disciplinary jurisdiction of the Faculty encompasses the social and human sciences required for the systematic study of human existence, collective organization, historical continuity, cultural formation, social institutions and territorial community life.
The Faculty shall administer its disciplines according to their academic methods, documentary foundations, research standards, institutional applications and approved curricular classifications.
Article 7 — Sociology
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over sociology and the scientific study of:
a) social structures;
b) social institutions;
c) communities;
d) classes and systems of stratification;
e) collective relations;
f) rural and urban organization;
g) family and household structures;
h) religion as a social institution;
i) education and social reproduction;
j) labour and social organization;
k) inequality and institutional access;
l) social trust and collective cohesion;
m) community networks;
n) social movements;
o) institutional legitimacy;
p) territorial communities; and
q) processes of social continuity and transformation.
Article 8 — Anthropology
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over anthropology and the comparative study of:
a) human societies;
b) kinship and lineage;
c) customary institutions;
d) material culture;
e) subsistence systems;
f) territorial relations;
g) ritual and symbolic systems;
h) social classification;
i) collective identity;
j) cultural adaptation;
k) ethnogenesis;
l) systems of exchange;
m) Indigenous social organization;
n) colonial transformation;
o) postcolonial identity formation; and
p) the institutional preservation of cultural knowledge.
Article 9 — Ethnology and Indigenous Studies
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over ethnology, Indigenous studies and the systematic examination of:
a) Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean and the Americas;
b) Taíno social and cultural organization;
c) customary authority;
d) ancestral community structures;
e) Indigenous kinship systems;
f) oral traditions;
g) collective memory;
h) sacred geography;
i) agricultural knowledge;
j) navigation and coastal life;
k) food systems;
l) traditional material culture;
m) Indigenous pharmacological knowledge;
n) cultural survival;
o) population continuity;
p) colonial classification;
q) cultural interaction among Indigenous, African, European and other historical populations; and
r) the preservation and transmission of Indigenous intellectual patrimony.
Article 10 — History
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over history as a disciplined field of documentary, chronological, institutional, social and territorial inquiry.
Historical instruction shall encompass:
a) Indigenous civilizations and ancestral political societies;
b) the Cacicazgo of Xaragua;
c) Bohéchío, Anacaona and the governing lineages of ancestral Xaragua;
d) Yaguana as an ancestral centre of government;
e) Indigenous settlement, agriculture, navigation and territorial organization;
f) Spanish invasion and colonial occupation;
g) destruction, displacement, survival and continuity of Indigenous populations;
h) Spanish, French and other colonial systems;
i) African enslavement, resistance and marronage;
j) Bahoruco and the formation of autonomous maroon communities;
k) plantation society and colonial social classification;
l) the revolutionary destruction of the colonial order;
m) imperial, monarchical, republican and provisional constitutional periods;
n) the War of the Knives and competing territorial authorities;
o) the historical formation of Miragoâne, Léogâne, the Grand South, the western coast, the islands and the maritime territories;
p) relations between the western and eastern political orders of the island;
q) intellectual, literary, religious and educational history;
r) nineteenth- and twentieth-century social formations;
s) migration and diaspora;
t) contemporary institutional development; and
u) the establishment and consolidation of the constitutional order of Xaragua.
Article 11 — Historiography and Historical Method
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) historiography;
b) historical methodology;
c) source criticism;
d) chronological reconstruction;
e) documentary authentication;
f) archival interpretation;
g) oral history;
h) genealogical evidence;
i) ecclesiastical records;
j) administrative records;
k) cartographic evidence;
l) archaeological evidence;
m) comparative historical analysis;
n) institutional history; and
o) preparation of historical, territorial and community dossiers.
Historical propositions taught or certified by the Faculty shall be classified according to their documentary basis, evidentiary status, interpretative character and institutional relevance.
Article 12 — Human Geography and Population Studies
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over human geography, population studies and the examination of:
a) settlement patterns;
b) population distribution;
c) relations between communities and territory;
d) rural, urban, coastal, mountain and island populations;
e) demographic concentration and dispersion;
f) migration routes;
g) territorial mobility;
h) diaspora formation;
i) border and transborder communities;
j) population displacement;
k) cultural regions;
l) community access to land, water and essential infrastructure;
m) social effects of environmental conditions; and
n) relations among geography, memory, identity and collective organization.
Article 13 — Philosophy
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over philosophy and the systematic study of:
a) logic;
b) epistemology;
c) ethics;
d) moral philosophy;
e) philosophy of history;
f) philosophy of society;
g) philosophy of religion;
h) philosophy of education;
i) theories of knowledge;
j) theories of justice;
k) concepts of authority and obligation;
l) human dignity;
m) natural law;
n) positive law as a philosophical object;
o) classical systems of thought;
p) Catholic intellectual traditions;
q) Indigenous systems of knowledge;
r) colonial and postcolonial thought; and
s) the intellectual foundations of collective and institutional life.
Article 14 — Psychology and Collective Behaviour
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over social psychology and the academic study of:
a) socialization;
b) collective behaviour;
c) identity formation;
d) authority perception;
e) institutional trust;
f) obedience and resistance;
g) community relations;
h) collective trauma;
i) colonial memory;
j) dependency;
k) group formation;
l) prejudice and social classification;
m) communication and behavioural influence;
n) postcolonial identity;
o) social responses to institutional failure; and
p) psychological conditions affecting collective continuity.
Article 15 — Family and Kinship Studies
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over the academic study of:
a) family organization;
b) kinship;
c) lineage;
d) household structures;
e) intergenerational transmission;
f) childhood and youth;
g) parenthood;
h) marriage and social union;
i) care systems;
j) family migration;
k) transnational families;
l) inheritance as a social institution;
m) women’s authority within family and community structures;
n) protection of vulnerable family members; and
o) relations among family, territory, identity and collective continuity.
Article 16 — Women’s Studies
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over women’s studies and the systematic examination of:
a) women in Indigenous societies;
b) women in colonial and postcolonial institutions;
c) women’s authority within families and communities;
d) women’s participation in economic production;
e) women’s intellectual and cultural contributions;
f) women’s political and social leadership;
g) gendered systems of labour and property;
h) access to education;
i) violence and institutional protection;
j) women’s health and social conditions;
k) female authorship;
l) intergenerational cultural transmission;
m) women’s organizations; and
n) the historical and contemporary authority of women within Xaragua.
Article 17 — Migration and Diaspora Studies
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) internal migration;
b) international migration;
c) forced displacement;
d) labour migration;
e) exile;
f) diaspora communities;
g) remittances as a social institution;
h) transnational households;
i) return migration;
j) migration and identity;
k) cultural continuity across borders;
l) linguistic transformation;
m) diaspora intellectual production;
n) institutional relations between territorial and external communities; and
o) documentary and historical study of migration systems.
Article 18 — Cultural Studies and Heritage
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) cultural institutions;
b) collective memory;
c) material and immaterial heritage;
d) oral traditions;
e) customary practices;
f) music and performance traditions;
g) visual culture;
h) monuments and commemorative sites;
i) forts and protected historical structures;
j) museums and cultural collections;
k) archives and documentary heritage;
l) traditional knowledge;
m) cultural transmission;
n) heritage interpretation;
o) intellectual patrimony; and
p) institutional policies governing preservation and public presentation.
Article 19 — Language, Literature and Intellectual Traditions
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) language as a social institution;
b) oral expression;
c) literature as historical evidence;
d) literature as social criticism;
e) Indigenous linguistic continuities;
f) Creole-language intellectual production;
g) French-language intellectual production;
h) Spanish-language regional sources;
i) comparative Caribbean literature;
j) women writers;
k) political and social essays;
l) historical narrative;
m) biography;
n) collective memory in literary form;
o) literary representation of colonial and postcolonial society; and
p) the reception of Xaraguayan authors within the University curriculum.
Article 20 — Education and Pedagogy
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over education, pedagogy and the institutional transmission of knowledge.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) educational theory;
b) curriculum organization;
c) Indigenous pedagogy;
d) community-based education;
e) civic formation;
f) adult education;
g) literacy;
h) digital and asynchronous instruction;
i) teaching through primary sources;
j) documentary pedagogy;
k) case-based instruction;
l) assessment design;
m) supervised independent study;
n) education within dispersed territories;
o) formation of community educators; and
p) preservation of the territorial and cultural relevance of instruction.
Article 21 — Communication and Media Studies
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over communication and media studies in cooperation with the Roger Mathurin Faculty, including:
a) public discourse;
b) journalism;
c) broadcasting;
d) audiovisual documentation;
e) digital communication;
f) social platforms;
g) community media;
h) institutional communication;
i) communication and social behaviour;
j) media representation of Indigenous peoples;
k) cultural production;
l) documentary preservation;
m) public information;
n) communication within diaspora communities; and
o) the social effects of information systems.
Article 22 — Criminology and Social Regulation
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over criminology as a social and human science.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) social conditions of criminality;
b) social regulation;
c) deviance;
d) institutional responses to social disorder;
e) community safety;
f) violence as a social phenomenon;
g) youth and delinquency;
h) addiction and dependency;
i) victimization;
j) social prevention;
k) rehabilitation;
l) community reintegration;
m) conflict transformation;
n) mediation; and
o) research concerning the social foundations of security.
Article 23 — Research Methodology and Social Statistics
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) qualitative research;
b) quantitative research;
c) ethnographic method;
d) interviews;
e) community observation;
f) oral testimony;
g) archival investigation;
h) demographic analysis;
i) survey methodology;
j) social statistics;
k) population indicators;
l) comparative research;
m) case-study method;
n) research ethics;
o) evidentiary classification; and
p) preparation of academic and institutional research reports.
BOOK III
XARAGUAYAN FOUNDATIONAL FORMATION
Article 24 — Compulsory Foundational Microprogram
Microprogram No. 1 — Constitutional, Territorial and Institutional Formation of Xaragua — constitutes the compulsory foundational microprogram applicable to the qualifications administered under this Act.
The microprogram possesses a statutory value of fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits.
Its curriculum comprises:
1.1 — Indigenous Civilizations, Cacicazgos and Ancestral Political Orders;
1.2 — Colonial Government, Territorial Reclassification and Institutional Dispossession;
1.3 — Revolutionary, Imperial, Republican and Indigenous Constitutional Formations;
1.4 — Territorial, Maritime, Insular and Community Organization of Xaragua; and
1.5 — Contemporary Constitutional Institutions and Public Order of Xaragua.
Article 25 — Academic Function of the Foundational Microprogram
The foundational microprogram shall establish the historical, territorial, Indigenous and institutional knowledge required for the academic interpretation of Xaraguayan society.
Its instruction shall provide the common framework within which students examine:
a) the original Indigenous societies of the territory;
b) ancestral political organization;
c) colonial occupation and social transformation;
d) population continuity;
e) African presence and marronage;
f) revolutionary and postcolonial institutions;
g) territorial organization;
h) community formations;
i) constitutional development;
j) collective memory;
k) cultural continuity; and
l) the contemporary institutional order of Xaragua.
Article 26 — Permanent Academic Application
The fifteen SAC acquired through Microprogram No. 1 shall be entered permanently in the student’s academic record.
The registered credits shall satisfy the foundational component of subsequent certificates, multidisciplinary bachelor’s degrees and advanced multidisciplinary bachelor’s degrees constituted under University law.
BOOK IV
MICROPROGRAM JURISDICTION OF THE FACULTY
Article 27 — Uniform Academic Structure
Every microprogram administered by the Faculty shall comprise five courses of three SAC each.
Every completed microprogram shall possess a total value of fifteen SAC.
Every microprogram shall be governed by:
a) an official title;
b) an official number;
c) an approved curriculum;
d) prescribed learning outcomes;
e) identified academic supervision;
f) verifiable assessment;
g) completion requirements; and
h) permanent registration.
Article 28 — Registered Social and Human Sciences Microprograms
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over the following registered microprograms:
Microprogram No. 39 — Sociology, Population and Community Institutions
The microprogram shall govern the study of sociological theory, social structure, population, territorial settlement, inequality, community organization, migration, social policy and institutional relations.
Microprogram No. 40 — Anthropology, Ethnology and Indigenous Peoples
The microprogram shall govern the study of anthropological method, Indigenous peoples, kinship, culture, colonial classification, material traditions, oral history and collective identity.
Microprogram No. 41 — Political Psychology and Post-Colonial Institutions
The microprogram shall govern the social and psychological study of colonial authority, collective memory, plantation society, maroon organization, postcolonial identity, institutional trust, elite formation and collective legitimacy.
Microprogram No. 42 — Women, Family and Social Institutions
The microprogram shall govern the study of women’s authority, family organization, care, community relations, social protection, female leadership, economic participation and intergenerational continuity.
Microprogram No. 43 — Catholic Institutions, Canon Law and Political Theology
The microprogram shall govern the historical, social, philosophical and institutional study of Catholic life, ecclesial organization, religious associations, education, charity, concordatory relations and Catholic intellectual traditions.
Microprogram No. 44 — Historical Method, Archives and Documentary Evidence
The microprogram shall govern source criticism, archival administration, oral history, cartographic evidence, ecclesiastical records, administrative documentation and preparation of historical and territorial dossiers.
Microprogram No. 45 — Research Methods, Statistics and Institutional Analysis
The microprogram shall govern qualitative method, quantitative research, social statistics, comparative method, case-study research, institutional indicators and final analytical production.
Microprogram No. 46 — Communications, Media and Public Information
The microprogram shall govern journalism, broadcasting, documentary production, digital communication, community media, public information, institutional communication and preservation of audiovisual records.
Microprogram No. 47 — Literature, Social Thought and Xaraguayan Authors
The microprogram shall govern literature as historical evidence, Caribbean intellectual production, Xaraguayan authors, women writers, colonial and postcolonial social representation, collective memory and territorial thought.
Microprogram No. 48 — Fine Arts, Cultural Institutions and Heritage Administration
The microprogram shall govern visual arts, music, performance, cultural institutions, monuments, forts, museums, archives, heritage administration, intellectual patrimony and public cultural presentation.
Microprogram No. 49 — Public Health, Social Protection and Community Administration
The microprogram shall govern the social and institutional study of public health, prevention, insurance, community assistance, food, water, sanitation, population security and coordination of health-related services.
Article 29 — Additional Microprograms
The University may constitute additional microprograms within the jurisdiction of the Faculty concerning:
a) history of Xaragua;
b) Caribbean history;
c) history of the eastern territory of the island;
d) colonial and postcolonial studies;
e) African and Afro-Caribbean studies;
f) Indigenous civilizations;
g) archaeology and material culture;
h) demography;
i) migration and diaspora;
j) family studies;
k) youth studies;
l) gerontology;
m) addiction studies;
n) social intervention;
o) community organization;
p) education and pedagogy;
q) ethics;
r) philosophy;
s) comparative religion;
t) languages and oral traditions;
u) museology;
v) heritage conservation;
w) cultural administration; and
x) another social or human sciences field lawfully attributed to the Faculty.
Every additional microprogram shall receive an official title, number, curriculum, SAC allocation, assessment regime and permanent register entry before academic conferral.
BOOK V
MULTIDISCIPLINARY QUALIFICATION ORDER
Article 30 — Multidisciplinary Character
The Faculty shall administer academic qualifications through the multidisciplinary system established by the University.
The multidisciplinary order shall combine the constitutional and territorial foundation of Xaragua with coherent formations in history, sociology, anthropology, ethnology, philosophy, population studies, psychology, family studies, women’s studies, education, communication, literature, culture, heritage, research or another approved field.
Article 31 — Attestation
Completion of one registered microprogram representing fifteen SAC shall satisfy the academic requirement for an Attestation corresponding to the official title of that microprogram.
The Attestation shall record:
a) the microprogram title;
b) the microprogram number;
c) the five courses completed;
d) the fifteen SAC acquired;
e) the assessment decision; and
f) the permanent credential identifier.
Article 32 — Multidisciplinary Certificate
A Multidisciplinary Certificate shall comprise two approved microprograms representing thirty SAC.
The certificate shall integrate:
a) Microprogram No. 1 and one social or human sciences microprogram; or
b) two complementary social and human sciences microprograms approved as a coherent multidisciplinary formation.
The official credential shall identify both constituent fields.
Article 33 — Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degree
A Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degree shall comprise six approved microprograms representing ninety SAC.
Its curriculum shall include:
a) Microprogram No. 1;
b) Microprogram No. 44 or Microprogram No. 45;
c) four additional approved microprograms;
d) formation drawn from at least three disciplinary fields; and
e) an integrative academic assessment.
The official qualification shall be conferred as:
BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL AND HUMAN STUDIES
The academic supplement shall identify every constituent microprogram and the approved field of concentration.
Article 34 — Advanced Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degree
An Advanced Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degree shall comprise eight approved microprograms representing one hundred and twenty SAC.
Its curriculum shall include:
a) Microprogram No. 1;
b) Microprogram No. 44;
c) Microprogram No. 45;
d) five additional approved microprograms;
e) formation drawn from at least four disciplinary fields;
f) a final research project; and
g) an oral or written defence before the competent academic authority.
The official qualification shall be conferred as:
ADVANCED BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL AND HUMAN STUDIES
Article 35 — Approved Concentrations
The Faculty may register multidisciplinary concentrations in:
a) historical and archival studies;
b) anthropology, ethnology and Indigenous studies;
c) sociology, population and community institutions;
d) migration, diaspora and territorial communities;
e) women, family and social institutions;
f) philosophy, ethics and systems of thought;
g) education, pedagogy and cultural transmission;
h) communication, media and collective memory;
i) literature, language and intellectual traditions;
j) arts, heritage and cultural administration;
k) social psychology and postcolonial institutions;
l) public health and community administration; and
m) another coherent concentration established by competent academic act.
BOOK VI
ACADEMIC METHOD AND ASSESSMENT
Article 36 — Instructional Method
Instruction within the Faculty shall proceed through:
a) authoritative reading;
b) primary historical sources;
c) archival documents;
d) oral testimony;
e) ethnographic material;
f) demographic and statistical evidence;
g) cultural objects;
h) literary works;
i) institutional records;
j) comparative analysis;
k) supervised research;
l) community observation;
m) documentary production; and
n) formal academic assessment.
Article 37 — Corpus-Based Instruction
The historical, constitutional, genealogical, territorial, religious, demographic, literary, cultural and institutional corpus of Xaragua shall constitute a primary source of instruction within the Faculty.
The Faculty shall classify this corpus according to:
a) disciplinary relevance;
b) historical period;
c) territorial application;
d) evidentiary status;
e) documentary provenance;
f) institutional authority;
g) linguistic form;
h) cultural significance; and
i) academic use.
Article 38 — Assessment
Every course shall require verifiable assessment.
Authorized assessments include:
a) written examinations;
b) oral examinations;
c) archival dossiers;
d) historical analyses;
e) sociological studies;
f) ethnographic reports;
g) demographic analyses;
h) philosophical essays;
i) literary analyses;
j) documentary portfolios;
k) cultural inventories;
l) community studies;
m) supervised research papers;
n) recorded oral defences; and
o) integrative academic projects.
Article 39 — Research Standards
Research conducted under the authority of the Faculty shall satisfy standards of:
a) source identification;
b) documentary accuracy;
c) methodological coherence;
d) evidentiary classification;
e) intellectual attribution;
f) academic integrity;
g) protection of confidential information;
h) respect for Indigenous intellectual patrimony;
i) preservation of archival provenance; and
j) permanent institutional registration.
Article 40 — Indigenous Knowledge
Indigenous oral history, customary knowledge, territorial memory, traditional practices, cultural expressions and community testimony shall constitute admissible sources of academic knowledge when received, classified and preserved according to the research standards of the Faculty.
The Faculty shall maintain procedures governing:
a) attribution;
b) community provenance;
c) informed participation;
d) restricted knowledge;
e) sacred or protected information;
f) archival custody;
g) academic use;
h) reproduction; and
i) intergenerational transmission.
BOOK VII
RESEARCH AND STATE KNOWLEDGE
Article 41 — Research Mandate
The Faculty shall produce research concerning:
a) the population of Xaragua;
b) Indigenous continuity;
c) territorial communities;
d) historical institutions;
e) social conditions;
f) demographic change;
g) migration and diaspora;
h) family organization;
i) women’s authority;
j) education;
k) religion;
l) language;
m) literature;
n) cultural production;
o) collective memory;
p) heritage;
q) social protection; and
r) community development.
Article 42 — Institutional Application
Research produced by the Faculty may support:
a) educational planning;
b) archival administration;
c) cultural preservation;
d) population analysis;
e) community organization;
f) social services;
g) migration studies;
h) territorial documentation;
i) heritage protection;
j) public-health planning;
k) family and youth programmes;
l) women’s institutions;
m) museums and libraries;
n) official publications; and
o) institutional decision-making requiring social or historical evidence.
Article 43 — Historical and Social Registers
The Faculty may establish and maintain:
a) a General Historical Register;
b) a Register of Indigenous Communities and Cultural Continuities;
c) a Register of Oral Histories;
d) a Register of Families, Lineages and Genealogical Sources;
e) a Register of Historical Settlements;
f) a Register of Migration and Diaspora Sources;
g) a Register of Xaraguayan Authors and Intellectual Works;
h) a Register of Cultural and Religious Institutions;
i) a Register of Monuments, Forts and Heritage Sites;
j) a Register of Traditional Knowledge and Material Culture; and
k) additional academic registers required for the preservation of social and human knowledge.
Article 44 — Archival Continuity
Every research register, documentary collection, curriculum, assessment record and academic publication produced under the authority of the Faculty shall be preserved according to the archival regulations of the University and the General Archives of the State.
Archival preservation shall maintain:
a) documentary provenance;
b) authorship;
c) date of creation;
d) institutional authority;
e) amendment history;
f) access classification;
g) reproduction conditions; and
h) permanent reference identifiers.
BOOK VIII
FACULTY GOVERNMENT AND ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION
Article 45 — Faculty Competence
The Faculty shall exercise competence over:
a) its curricula;
b) its microprograms;
c) its courses;
d) its admissions recommendations;
e) its instructional appointments;
f) its examinations;
g) its assessment standards;
h) its research programmes;
i) its academic publications;
j) its documentary collections;
k) its recognition recommendations;
l) its academic records;
m) its internal disciplinary organization; and
n) its recommendations for conferral.
Article 46 — Academic Appointments
Instruction may be provided by:
a) University professors;
b) appointed instructors;
c) authorized researchers;
d) archivists;
e) historians;
f) sociologists;
g) anthropologists;
h) ethnologists;
i) philosophers;
j) educators;
k) writers and cultural specialists;
l) community knowledge holders;
m) delegated specialists; and
n) other persons whose competence has been formally recognized by the University.
Every instructional appointment shall identify its academic field, curricular mandate, assessment function, reporting obligations and period of authorization.
Article 47 — External Academic Contribution
The Faculty may receive instruction, research, documentation or technical assistance from qualified external persons and institutions.
Every external contribution shall operate within an approved University mandate establishing:
a) the subject matter;
b) the academic purpose;
c) the applicable curriculum;
d) the instructional responsibility;
e) the assessment authority;
f) the SAC effect;
g) the documentary obligations; and
h) the conditions of institutional registration.
Article 48 — Credentials
Every attestation, certificate, bachelor’s degree, advanced bachelor’s degree, transcript and academic supplement shall be issued exclusively in the name and under the seal of the University of Xaragua.
The Faculty shall certify satisfaction of the applicable academic requirements and recommend conferral to the competent University authority.
Article 49 — General Academic Register
The General Academic Register shall record:
a) admission;
b) academic pathway;
c) microprogram registration;
d) course registration;
e) course completion;
f) SAC allocation;
g) grades and assessments;
h) recognized prior learning;
i) recognized external instruction;
j) multidisciplinary concentration;
k) completion decision;
l) conferral authorization;
m) credential identifier; and
n) lawful amendment of the academic record.
BOOK IX
PERMANENCE, SUPREMACY AND EXECUTION
Article 50 — Permanent Incorporation
The Faculty of Social and Human Sciences is permanently incorporated into the academic order of the University of Xaragua.
Its disciplinary jurisdiction, microprograms, curricula, research functions, registers, archives and qualification responsibilities shall continue across changes affecting personnel, instructional method, territorial location, digital platform or external academic cooperation.
Article 51 — Academic Supremacy
This Act constitutes the controlling organic instrument governing the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences.
Every faculty regulation, curriculum, microprogram instrument, course description, assessment measure and administrative decision shall be interpreted and executed in conformity with this Act and the superior academic law of the University.
Article 52 — Implementation
The Faculty shall prepare and maintain:
a) the official curriculum of each registered microprogram;
b) course descriptions;
c) learning outcomes;
d) reading lists;
e) assessment standards;
f) admission requirements;
g) instructional assignments;
h) research protocols;
i) academic calendars;
j) examination instruments;
k) completion records; and
l) recommendations for conferral.
Article 53 — Amendment
The institutional status, disciplinary jurisdiction and permanent functions of the Faculty may be amended by a subsequent supreme academic act adopted under the authority of the University of Xaragua.
Curricula, course titles, reading lists, assessment methods and activated microprograms may be regulated through competent academic instruments entered in the General Academic Register.
Article 54 — Entry into Force
This Supreme Organic Academic Founding Act enters into permanent force upon promulgation.
It shall be incorporated into the supreme academic corpus of the University of Xaragua and deposited in the General Archives of the State.
FINAL SUPREME ACADEMIC DETERMINATION
THE FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES IS HEREBY ESTABLISHED AS A PERMANENT CONSTITUENT FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA.
THE FACULTY SHALL EXERCISE ACADEMIC JURISDICTION OVER SOCIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY, INDIGENOUS STUDIES, HISTORY, HISTORIOGRAPHY, HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, POPULATION STUDIES, PHILOSOPHY, SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, FAMILY STUDIES, WOMEN’S STUDIES, MIGRATION, DIASPORA, CULTURAL STUDIES, LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, EDUCATION, PEDAGOGY, COMMUNICATION, CRIMINOLOGY, SOCIAL REGULATION, RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, DEMOGRAPHY, SOCIAL STATISTICS, ARCHIVAL STUDIES AND HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION.
MICROPROGRAM NO. 1 — CONSTITUTIONAL, TERRITORIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FORMATION OF XARAGUA — SHALL CONSTITUTE THE COMPULSORY FOUNDATIONAL MICROPROGRAM APPLICABLE TO THE QUALIFICATIONS ADMINISTERED UNDER THIS ACT.
EVERY MICROPROGRAM SHALL COMPRISE FIVE COURSES OF THREE SOVEREIGN ACADEMIC CREDITS EACH AND SHALL POSSESS A TOTAL VALUE OF FIFTEEN SOVEREIGN ACADEMIC CREDITS.
THE FACULTY SHALL ADMINISTER ATTESTATIONS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY CERTIFICATES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY BACHELOR’S DEGREES AND ADVANCED MULTIDISCIPLINARY BACHELOR’S DEGREES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE STATUTORY CREDIT ORDER OF THE UNIVERSITY.
THE HISTORICAL, SOCIAL, ANTHROPOLOGICAL, ETHNOLOGICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, LITERARY, RELIGIOUS, CULTURAL, ARCHIVAL AND TERRITORIAL CORPUS OF XARAGUA SHALL CONSTITUTE A PRIMARY ACADEMIC FOUNDATION OF THE FACULTY.
THE FACULTY SHALL ORGANIZE THAT CORPUS THROUGH REGISTERED CURRICULA, AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTION, DOCUMENTED RESEARCH, VERIFIABLE ASSESSMENT, SOVEREIGN ACADEMIC CREDITS AND PERMANENT ACADEMIC RECORDS.
THE FACULTY SHALL FORM HISTORIANS, SOCIOLOGISTS, ANTHROPOLOGISTS, ETHNOLOGISTS, EDUCATORS, ARCHIVISTS, RESEARCHERS, WRITERS, CULTURAL ADMINISTRATORS, COMMUNITY OFFICERS, HERITAGE SPECIALISTS AND INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSTS POSSESSING DISCIPLINED KNOWLEDGE OF THE PEOPLE, TERRITORIES, COMMUNITIES, HISTORIES AND CULTURAL FORMATIONS THEY ARE CALLED TO SERVE.
SO ESTABLISHED.
SO CONSTITUTED.
SO CLASSIFIED.
SO INCORPORATED.
SO REGISTERED.
SO PROMULGATED.

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA
OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT
SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AND ACADEMIC AUTHORITY
UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA
GENERAL ACADEMIC REGISTER
GENERAL ARCHIVES OF THE STATE
SUPREME ORGANIC ACADEMIC FOUNDING ACT
ON THE PERMANENT CONSTITUTION, ACADEMIC JURISDICTION, DISCIPLINARY ORDER, ECONOMIC DOCTRINE, CURRICULAR COMPETENCE, MICROPROGRAM AUTHORITY, RESEARCH MANDATE AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY QUALIFICATION FUNCTIONS OF THE FACULTY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES
Official Classification: Supreme Organic Academic Instrument — Faculty Constituting Act — Economic Studies Jurisdiction Statute — Social and Community Economy Instrument — Financial and Enterprise Studies Act — Microprogram Administration Act — Multidisciplinary Qualifications Regulation
Constituting Authority: Office of the Rector-President
Supreme Academic Institution: University of Xaragua
Competent Academic Organ: Faculty of Economic Studies
Permanent Academic Registry: General Academic Register
Archival Depositary: General Archives of the State
Institutional Status: Permanent Constituent Faculty
Territorial Scope: Entire academic, constitutional, territorial, digital and institutional jurisdiction of the University of Xaragua
Academic Effect: Organic, permanent, controlling and directly applicable
PREAMBLE
IN THE NAME OF GOD, source of justice, productive order, lawful authority and the responsible administration of material resources;
BY THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUENT AUTHORITY of the Indigenous People of Xaragua;
BY THE SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AND ACADEMIC COMPETENCE vested in the Office of the Rector-President and exercised through the University of Xaragua;
IN EXECUTION OF the Indigenous right to establish, administer and control institutions of higher learning, systems of economic knowledge, academic qualifications, research priorities and methods for the transmission of collective productive capacity;
CONSIDERING that economic knowledge constitutes an essential institutional requirement for the administration of production, exchange, labour, credit, taxation, public expenditure, enterprise, investment, trade and collective material security;
CONSIDERING that the economic order of Xaragua is founded upon productive autonomy, community organization, household stability, cooperative capacity, local enterprise, responsible public finance, institutional credit and the organized circulation of value;
CONSIDERING that the material development of Xaragua requires persons capable of administering enterprises, cooperatives, financial institutions, public budgets, accounting systems, commercial relations, investment instruments, procurement processes and economic records;
CONSIDERING that the University of Xaragua possesses an extensive economic and institutional corpus comprising financial instruments, banking doctrines, public-revenue measures, enterprise frameworks, cooperative structures, credit policies, commercial initiatives, investment mechanisms and programmes of endogenous development;
CONSIDERING that this corpus requires permanent academic classification, doctrinal organization, economic analysis, verified instruction, formal assessment and institutional transmission;
CONSIDERING that the academic system of the University is founded upon microprograms comprising five courses of three Sovereign Academic Credits each and possessing a statutory value of fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits;
CONSIDERING that certificates, bachelor’s degrees and advanced bachelor’s degrees administered outside the principal juridical-political degree are constituted through the multidisciplinary qualification order of the University;
THE OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT hereby establishes, constitutes and permanently incorporates the Faculty of Economic Studies within the academic order of the University of Xaragua.
BOOK I
CONSTITUTION AND INSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF THE FACULTY
Article 1 — Formal Establishment
The Faculty of Economic Studies is hereby established as a permanent constituent faculty of the University of Xaragua.
The Faculty shall constitute the principal academic organ responsible for the organized study, instruction, research and institutional application of economics, social economy, community economy, political economy, public finance, taxation, banking, credit, accounting, enterprise, entrepreneurship, labour, trade, investment and financial administration.
The Faculty shall exercise academic, curricular, evaluative, research, documentary and qualification jurisdiction over every field expressly attributed to it by this Act and by the superior academic law of the University.
Article 2 — Constitutional Foundation
The Faculty derives its institutional competence from the constitutional and academic order of Xaragua, the governing laws of the University, the Indigenous educational authority of the People of Xaragua and the academic powers lawfully exercised by the Office of the Rector-President.
Its academic jurisdiction shall be exercised through the University and within the hierarchy of constitutional acts, supreme academic laws, faculty regulations, registered curricula, assessment instruments and decisions entered in the General Academic Register.
Article 3 — Institutional Personality
The Faculty possesses a permanent academic identity within the University of Xaragua.
Its institutional personality comprises:
a) economic disciplinary jurisdiction;
b) curricular competence;
c) administration of economic microprograms;
d) economic research authority;
e) assessment jurisdiction;
f) authority to recommend academic conferral;
g) financial and statistical research functions;
h) authority to establish academic chairs, research units, seminars and approved study sequences;
i) authority to supervise instruction placed within its competence; and
j) responsibility for the integrity of academic records produced under its jurisdiction.
Article 4 — Supreme Academic Integration
The Faculty forms an integral component of the unified academic order of the University of Xaragua.
Every programme, microprogram, course, research activity, assessment, academic record and qualification administered by the Faculty shall operate under the supreme academic authority of the University.
Every academic act of the Faculty shall receive its institutional effect through the competent organs, procedures, registers and authentication mechanisms of the University.
Article 5 — Permanent Mission
The permanent mission of the Faculty is to produce, organize, examine, preserve and transmit disciplined economic knowledge concerning:
a) production;
b) distribution;
c) exchange;
d) consumption;
e) labour;
f) enterprise;
g) cooperative organization;
h) household economic security;
i) public revenue;
j) public expenditure;
k) banking;
l) credit;
m) monetary circulation;
n) accounting;
o) financial control;
p) taxation;
q) trade;
r) investment;
s) procurement;
t) project evaluation;
u) economic statistics;
v) financial regulation; and
w) the material foundations of collective and institutional continuity.
BOOK II
FOUNDATIONAL ECONOMIC DOCTRINE
Article 6 — Social and Community Economy
The Faculty shall recognize social and community economy as a principal field of institutional specialization.
Social and community economy shall be taught as an organized economic order founded upon:
a) productive cooperation;
b) household stability;
c) mutual assistance;
d) collective capacity;
e) local ownership;
f) community enterprise;
g) cooperative institutions;
h) territorial circulation of value;
i) endogenous capital formation;
j) access to responsible credit;
k) protection of productive institutions; and
l) integration of economic activity into the material requirements of the population.
Article 7 — Productive Autonomy
The Faculty shall examine economic systems according to their capacity to establish and preserve productive autonomy.
Productive autonomy shall be assessed through:
a) internal productive capacity;
b) availability of capital;
c) access to credit;
d) formation of enterprises;
e) employment creation;
f) circulation of income;
g) accumulation of savings;
h) development of commercial institutions;
i) continuity of essential economic functions;
j) capacity to finance public and community institutions;
k) resistance to external economic disruption; and
l) preservation of strategic collective assets.
Article 8 — Community Productive Capacity
The Faculty shall study the economic institutions through which families, workers, producers, enterprises, cooperatives, mutual organizations and communities organize production, exchange, finance and material security.
Instruction shall examine:
a) household economic organization;
b) small and medium enterprise;
c) cooperative ownership;
d) mutual financial institutions;
e) community investment;
f) collective procurement;
g) producer associations;
h) worker organization;
i) local commercial networks;
j) access to markets;
k) productive reinvestment; and
l) institutional mechanisms for retaining value within Xaragua.
Article 9 — Endogenous Development
Endogenous development shall constitute a governing field of economic analysis within the Faculty.
It shall be studied through:
a) mobilization of internal resources;
b) formation of local enterprises;
c) accumulation of community capital;
d) development of productive knowledge;
e) expansion of employment;
f) institutional credit;
g) cooperative organization;
h) reinvestment of locally generated value;
i) public and private investment;
j) fiscal capacity;
k) commercial organization; and
l) coordination of household, community, enterprise and institutional economic activity.
Article 10 — Institutional Economic Capacity
The Faculty shall treat economic administration as an institutional competence requiring:
a) reliable records;
b) defined authority;
c) financial discipline;
d) accountable decision-making;
e) lawful revenue collection;
f) verified expenditure;
g) budgetary planning;
h) internal financial control;
i) professional accounting;
j) risk management;
k) audit capacity;
l) economic measurement; and
m) continuity of financial operations.
BOOK III
DISCIPLINARY JURISDICTION
Article 11 — Economics
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over economics and the systematic study of:
a) scarcity;
b) choice;
c) production;
d) distribution;
e) exchange;
f) consumption;
g) price formation;
h) market organization;
i) incentives;
j) savings;
k) investment;
l) employment;
m) income;
n) capital;
o) productivity;
p) inflation;
q) economic growth;
r) economic cycles; and
s) institutional conditions governing material activity.
Article 12 — Comparative Economic Systems
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over comparative economic systems.
Instruction shall include:
a) market economies;
b) mixed economies;
c) social economies;
d) community economies;
e) cooperative economies;
f) publicly administered economic systems;
g) customary economic institutions;
h) household production systems;
i) informal economies;
j) Indigenous economic orders;
k) dependent economies;
l) small-territory economies; and
m) institutional combinations of public, private, cooperative and community production.
Article 13 — Political Economy
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over political economy as the study of relations among economic resources, institutions, property, labour, public authority and material power.
Political economy instruction shall encompass:
a) ownership;
b) production;
c) class formation;
d) labour relations;
e) distribution of income;
f) accumulation of wealth;
g) taxation;
h) public expenditure;
i) credit allocation;
j) economic regulation;
k) external dependency;
l) trade relations;
m) institutional control of strategic assets; and
n) economic foundations of public and collective capacity.
Article 14 — Development Economics
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over development economics and the systematic study of:
a) productive transformation;
b) employment;
c) poverty reduction;
d) income formation;
e) inequality;
f) capital accumulation;
g) enterprise development;
h) institutional finance;
i) social investment;
j) infrastructure finance;
k) human productive capacity;
l) import dependency;
m) export concentration;
n) regional economic inequality;
o) diaspora capital; and
p) endogenous development.
Article 15 — Public Finance
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over public finance and the economic administration of public institutions.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) revenue;
b) taxation;
c) fees;
d) licences;
e) customs;
f) public expenditure;
g) budgets;
h) appropriations;
i) treasury administration;
j) financial obligations;
k) public debt;
l) public accounting;
m) financial reporting;
n) fiscal control;
o) audit;
p) emergency finance; and
q) financial continuity of public institutions.
Article 16 — Taxation and Public Revenue
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) principles of taxation;
b) tax bases;
c) direct taxation;
d) indirect taxation;
e) commercial charges;
f) customs duties;
g) administrative fees;
h) assigned revenues;
i) revenue collection;
j) tax administration;
k) compliance;
l) fiscal records;
m) revenue forecasting;
n) institutional distribution of revenue; and
o) economic effects of taxation.
Article 17 — Banking and Monetary Studies
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over banking, monetary systems and payment institutions.
Instruction shall encompass:
a) functions of money;
b) monetary circulation;
c) banking institutions;
d) commercial banking;
e) development banking;
f) cooperative banking;
g) community financial institutions;
h) savings;
i) deposits;
j) payments;
k) transfers;
l) liquidity;
m) financial intermediation;
n) digital transactions;
o) banking supervision; and
p) monetary and financial dependency.
Article 18 — Credit
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over credit systems and the institutional allocation of financial capacity.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) household credit;
b) enterprise credit;
c) cooperative credit;
d) mortgage credit;
e) development credit;
f) public credit;
g) secured transactions;
h) guarantees;
i) collateral;
j) interest;
k) repayment structures;
l) credit risk;
m) credit records;
n) financial inclusion;
o) responsible lending; and
p) institutional recovery procedures.
Article 19 — Accounting
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over accounting and the formal measurement, classification and reporting of economic activity.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) bookkeeping;
b) financial statements;
c) assets;
d) liabilities;
e) income;
f) expenditure;
g) capital;
h) cash flow;
i) inventory;
j) receivables;
k) payables;
l) depreciation;
m) cost accounting;
n) institutional accounting;
o) enterprise accounting; and
p) preparation of reliable financial records.
Article 20 — Auditing and Financial Control
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) internal control;
b) internal audit;
c) external audit;
d) financial verification;
e) compliance review;
f) expenditure control;
g) procurement review;
h) inventory control;
i) fraud detection;
j) financial misconduct;
k) documentary integrity;
l) accountability;
m) corrective financial measures; and
n) preservation of auditable institutional records.
Article 21 — Business Administration
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over business administration and the organized direction of enterprises.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) enterprise formation;
b) organizational structure;
c) operations;
d) financial administration;
e) procurement;
f) inventory;
g) sales administration;
h) commercial planning;
i) budgeting;
j) cash-flow management;
k) personnel administration;
l) contractual administration;
m) risk management;
n) performance measurement;
o) internal control; and
p) institutional continuity.
Article 22 — Entrepreneurship
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over entrepreneurship and the creation, organization, capitalization and administration of productive enterprises.
Instruction shall encompass:
a) identification of economic opportunities;
b) enterprise conception;
c) feasibility analysis;
d) business planning;
e) ownership structure;
f) initial capitalization;
g) pricing;
h) market entry;
i) financial forecasting;
j) operational organization;
k) commercial strategy;
l) enterprise growth;
m) cooperative entrepreneurship;
n) family enterprise;
o) community enterprise; and
p) succession and continuity of enterprise.
Article 23 — Cooperative and Mutual Institutions
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) cooperative formation;
b) cooperative ownership;
c) member governance;
d) mutual assistance;
e) cooperative finance;
f) producer cooperatives;
g) worker cooperatives;
h) consumer cooperatives;
i) credit cooperatives;
j) mutual insurance;
k) community investment;
l) distribution of surpluses;
m) cooperative accountability; and
n) institutional continuity of collective enterprises.
Article 24 — Labour Economics
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over labour economics and the economic study of employment, wages, skills and productive participation.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) labour supply;
b) labour demand;
c) employment;
d) unemployment;
e) wages;
f) productivity;
g) occupational organization;
h) informal labour;
i) household production;
j) training and skills;
k) labour mobility;
l) working conditions;
m) enterprise demand for personnel;
n) social protection as an economic institution; and
o) relations among employment, income and household stability.
Article 25 — Commercial Studies
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over commercial organization and the economic administration of exchange.
Instruction shall encompass:
a) domestic commerce;
b) wholesale trade;
c) retail trade;
d) distribution;
e) commercial networks;
f) purchasing;
g) sales;
h) pricing;
i) customer administration;
j) commercial records;
k) contractual performance;
l) inventory circulation;
m) payment conditions;
n) market access; and
o) institutional organization of trade.
Article 26 — International Trade and Customs
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) imports;
b) exports;
c) trade balances;
d) customs valuation;
e) tariffs;
f) commercial documentation;
g) international payment;
h) trade finance;
i) market access;
j) foreign exchange;
k) regional trade;
l) commercial dependency;
m) external supply risk;
n) diaspora commerce;
o) international investment; and
p) external economic relations.
Article 27 — Investment and Project Evaluation
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over investment analysis and project evaluation.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) project identification;
b) feasibility studies;
c) capital requirements;
d) cost estimation;
e) revenue forecasting;
f) financial return;
g) social return;
h) cash-flow analysis;
i) risk assessment;
j) sensitivity analysis;
k) investment scheduling;
l) financing structures;
m) institutional capacity;
n) procurement requirements;
o) monitoring; and
p) post-investment evaluation.
Article 28 — Public Procurement and Institutional Contracting
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over the economic and financial administration of procurement.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) needs assessment;
b) procurement planning;
c) budget authorization;
d) specifications;
e) price analysis;
f) competitive procedures;
g) supplier evaluation;
h) contract administration;
i) delivery verification;
j) payment control;
k) conflict-of-interest management;
l) procurement records;
m) financial accountability; and
n) evaluation of institutional value.
Article 29 — Economic Statistics and Quantitative Analysis
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) economic data;
b) statistical measurement;
c) national and institutional accounts;
d) price indices;
e) employment statistics;
f) income statistics;
g) enterprise statistics;
h) public-finance statistics;
i) trade statistics;
j) credit statistics;
k) sampling;
l) forecasting;
m) quantitative comparison;
n) economic indicators;
o) data interpretation; and
p) preparation of economic reports.
Article 30 — Economic Governance and Financial Regulation
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) market supervision;
b) banking supervision;
c) financial regulation;
d) consumer financial protection;
e) enterprise accountability;
f) competition;
g) commercial standards;
h) disclosure;
i) accounting requirements;
j) audit standards;
k) financial integrity;
l) prevention of corruption;
m) prevention of fraud;
n) prevention of diversion of institutional assets;
o) regulatory compliance; and
p) corrective economic administration.
BOOK IV
XARAGUAYAN FOUNDATIONAL FORMATION
Article 31 — Compulsory Foundational Microprogram
Microprogram No. 1 — Constitutional, Territorial and Institutional Formation of Xaragua — constitutes the compulsory foundational microprogram applicable to the qualifications administered under this Act.
The microprogram possesses a statutory academic value of fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits.
Its curriculum comprises:
1.1 — Indigenous Civilizations, Cacicazgos and Ancestral Political Orders;
1.2 — Colonial Government, Territorial Reclassification and Institutional Dispossession;
1.3 — Revolutionary, Imperial, Republican and Indigenous Constitutional Formations;
1.4 — Territorial, Maritime, Insular and Community Organization of Xaragua; and
1.5 — Contemporary Constitutional Institutions and Public Order of Xaragua.
Article 32 — Economic Function of the Foundational Microprogram
The foundational microprogram shall establish the territorial, historical, Indigenous and institutional framework required for the interpretation of economic activity within Xaragua.
Its instruction shall enable students to situate:
a) property;
b) production;
c) labour;
d) commerce;
e) taxation;
f) credit;
g) public finance;
h) enterprise;
i) cooperative organization;
j) household economy;
k) colonial economic structures;
l) postcolonial dependency; and
m) contemporary institutional development
within the historical and constitutional formation of the territory.
Article 33 — Permanent Academic Application
The fifteen SAC acquired through Microprogram No. 1 shall be entered permanently in the student’s academic record.
The registered credits shall satisfy the foundational component of subsequent certificates, multidisciplinary bachelor’s degrees and advanced multidisciplinary bachelor’s degrees constituted under University law.
BOOK V
MICROPROGRAM JURISDICTION OF THE FACULTY
Article 34 — Uniform Academic Structure
Every microprogram administered by the Faculty shall comprise five courses of three SAC each.
Every completed microprogram shall possess a total value of fifteen SAC.
Every microprogram shall be governed by:
a) an official title;
b) an official number;
c) an approved curriculum;
d) prescribed learning outcomes;
e) identified academic supervision;
f) verifiable assessment;
g) completion requirements; and
h) permanent registration.
Article 35 — Registered Economic Microprograms
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over the following registered microprograms.
Microprogram No. 19 — Commercial, Corporate and Cooperative Institutions
Courses:
19.1 — Commercial Activity and Organization of Exchange
19.2 — Enterprise Structures and Corporate Administration
19.3 — Cooperative and Community Enterprise
19.4 — Commercial Contracts and Distribution Systems
19.5 — Enterprise Governance, Accountability and Continuity
Microprogram No. 20 — Financial, Banking, Credit and Monetary Institutions
Courses:
20.1 — Money, Banking and Financial Intermediation
20.2 — Credit, Security and Risk Administration
20.3 — Savings, Payments and Financial Circulation
20.4 — Community Finance and Institutional Investment
20.5 — Banking Supervision and Financial Accountability
Microprogram No. 21 — Taxation, Public Revenue and Fiscal Administration
Courses:
21.1 — Principles and Economic Foundations of Taxation
21.2 — Direct and Indirect Revenue Systems
21.3 — Customs, Tariffs, Fees and Commercial Charges
21.4 — Public Budgets, Expenditure and Treasury Administration
21.5 — Fiscal Control, Audit and Institutional Accountability
Microprogram No. 32 — Political Economy and Endogenous Development
Courses:
32.1 — Political Economy and Material Power
32.2 — Comparative Economic Systems
32.3 — Social, Community and Cooperative Economy
32.4 — Productive Autonomy and Endogenous Development
32.5 — Economic Dependency, Resilience and Institutional Capacity
Microprogram No. 33 — Entrepreneurship, Enterprise and Productive Administration
Courses:
33.1 — Enterprise Formation and Business Planning
33.2 — Operations, Procurement and Inventory Administration
33.3 — Budgeting, Accounting and Cash-Flow Management
33.4 — Commercial Strategy and Enterprise Development
33.5 — Cooperative, Family and Community Entrepreneurship
Microprogram No. 51 — Principles of Economics and Economic Analysis
Courses:
51.1 — Production, Distribution, Exchange and Consumption
51.2 — Markets, Prices and Institutional Economic Organization
51.3 — Labour, Income, Savings and Investment
51.4 — Growth, Inflation, Economic Cycles and Employment
51.5 — Applied Economic Analysis of Small and Indigenous Political Orders
Microprogram No. 52 — Accounting, Auditing and Institutional Financial Control
Courses:
52.1 — Bookkeeping and Institutional Accounting
52.2 — Financial Statements and Economic Classification
52.3 — Cost, Inventory and Cash-Flow Accounting
52.4 — Internal Control and Financial Audit
52.5 — Financial Reporting, Compliance and Corrective Administration
Microprogram No. 53 — Labour Economics and Employment Administration
Courses:
53.1 — Labour Supply, Labour Demand and Employment
53.2 — Wages, Productivity and Occupational Organization
53.3 — Informal Labour and Household Production
53.4 — Skills, Training and Productive Capacity
53.5 — Employment Policy, Income Security and Labour Statistics
Microprogram No. 54 — International Trade, Customs and External Economic Relations
Courses:
54.1 — International Trade and Commercial Exchange
54.2 — Imports, Exports and Trade Balances
54.3 — Customs, Tariffs and Commercial Documentation
54.4 — Trade Finance, International Payments and Foreign Exchange
54.5 — External Dependency, Regional Trade and Diaspora Commerce
Microprogram No. 55 — Investment, Project Evaluation and Institutional Finance
Courses:
55.1 — Project Identification and Feasibility
55.2 — Capital Requirements and Financing Structures
55.3 — Cost, Revenue and Cash-Flow Analysis
55.4 — Risk, Sensitivity and Investment Evaluation
55.5 — Monitoring, Financial Control and Post-Investment Assessment
Microprogram No. 56 — Public Procurement and Financial Administration
Courses:
56.1 — Procurement Planning and Budget Authorization
56.2 — Specifications, Pricing and Supplier Evaluation
56.3 — Competitive Procedures and Contract Administration
56.4 — Delivery, Payment and Documentary Control
56.5 — Procurement Audit, Integrity and Institutional Value
Microprogram No. 57 — Economic Statistics and Quantitative Analysis
Courses:
57.1 — Economic Data and Statistical Method
57.2 — Prices, Income, Employment and Enterprise Statistics
57.3 — Public-Finance, Credit and Trade Statistics
57.4 — Forecasting, Indicators and Comparative Measurement
57.5 — Preparation and Defence of an Economic Statistical Report
Microprogram No. 58 — Economic Governance and Financial Regulation
Courses:
58.1 — Economic Institutions and Regulatory Authority
58.2 — Market, Banking and Financial Supervision
58.3 — Enterprise Disclosure and Accounting Requirements
58.4 — Financial Integrity, Fraud Prevention and Corrective Control
58.5 — Regulatory Compliance and Institutional Economic Accountability
Article 36 — Additional Economic Microprograms
The University may constitute additional microprograms within the jurisdiction of the Faculty concerning:
a) economic theory;
b) behavioural economics;
c) cooperative finance;
d) community credit;
e) mutual insurance;
f) enterprise accounting;
g) public accounting;
h) financial risk;
i) commercial administration;
j) consumer economics;
k) diaspora investment;
l) small-enterprise finance;
m) institutional budgeting;
n) treasury administration;
o) economic forecasting;
p) competition and market regulation;
q) anti-corruption financial control; and
r) another economic or financial field lawfully attributed to the Faculty.
Every additional microprogram shall receive an official title, number, curriculum, SAC allocation, assessment regime and permanent register entry before academic conferral.
BOOK VI
MULTIDISCIPLINARY QUALIFICATION ORDER
Article 37 — Multidisciplinary Character
The Faculty shall administer qualifications through the multidisciplinary system established by the University.
The multidisciplinary economic order shall combine the constitutional and territorial foundation of Xaragua with coherent formations in economics, finance, accounting, enterprise, taxation, banking, labour, trade, investment, statistics, procurement and institutional administration.
Article 38 — Attestation
Completion of one registered microprogram representing fifteen SAC shall satisfy the academic requirement for an Attestation corresponding to the official title of that microprogram.
The Attestation shall record:
a) the microprogram title;
b) the microprogram number;
c) the five courses completed;
d) the fifteen SAC acquired;
e) the assessment decision; and
f) the permanent credential identifier.
Article 39 — Multidisciplinary Certificate
A Multidisciplinary Certificate shall comprise two approved microprograms representing thirty SAC.
The certificate shall integrate:
a) Microprogram No. 1 and one economic microprogram; or
b) two complementary economic microprograms approved as a coherent formation.
The credential shall identify both constituent fields and their registered academic numbers.
Article 40 — Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degree
A Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degree shall comprise six approved microprograms representing ninety SAC.
Its curriculum shall include:
a) Microprogram No. 1;
b) Microprogram No. 45 — Research Methods, Statistics and Institutional Analysis, or Microprogram No. 57 — Economic Statistics and Quantitative Analysis;
c) four additional economic microprograms;
d) formation drawn from at least three economic fields; and
e) an integrative economic assessment.
The official qualification shall be conferred as:
BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL STUDIES
The academic supplement shall identify every constituent microprogram and the approved multidisciplinary concentration.
Article 41 — Advanced Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degree
An Advanced Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degree shall comprise eight approved microprograms representing one hundred and twenty SAC.
Its curriculum shall include:
a) Microprogram No. 1;
b) Microprogram No. 45 or Microprogram No. 57;
c) six additional economic microprograms;
d) formation drawn from at least four economic fields;
e) a final economic or institutional project; and
f) an oral or written defence before the competent academic authority.
The official qualification shall be conferred as:
ADVANCED BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL STUDIES
Article 42 — Approved Multidisciplinary Concentrations
The Faculty may register multidisciplinary concentrations in:
a) social, community and cooperative economy;
b) public finance, taxation and fiscal administration;
c) banking, credit and financial institutions;
d) accounting, auditing and financial control;
e) business administration and entrepreneurship;
f) labour economics and employment administration;
g) international trade and customs;
h) investment and institutional finance;
i) public procurement and financial administration;
j) economic statistics and quantitative analysis;
k) economic governance and financial regulation; and
l) another coherent economic concentration established by competent academic act.
BOOK VII
ACADEMIC METHOD AND ASSESSMENT
Article 43 — Instructional Method
Instruction within the Faculty shall proceed through:
a) authoritative economic readings;
b) institutional economic instruments;
c) financial statements;
d) budgets;
e) accounting records;
f) tax instruments;
g) banking documents;
h) credit files;
i) commercial plans;
j) enterprise records;
k) statistical series;
l) procurement dossiers;
m) investment studies;
n) comparative economic analysis;
o) supervised institutional exercises; and
p) formal academic assessment.
Article 44 — Corpus-Based Economic Instruction
The financial, commercial, enterprise, banking, fiscal and institutional corpus of Xaragua shall constitute a primary source of instruction within the Faculty.
The academic corpus shall include:
a) the Charter and institutional framework of XaraBank;
b) credit and mortgage instruments;
c) public-revenue doctrines;
d) taxation instruments;
e) commercial initiatives;
f) cooperative and community-enterprise frameworks;
g) investment policies;
h) public-enterprise instruments;
i) procurement and expenditure mechanisms;
j) financial regulations;
k) economic-development policies;
l) institutional budgets;
m) statistical records; and
n) official economic and administrative acts.
The Faculty shall classify every source according to its institutional origin, economic function, documentary status, period of application, analytical value and instructional use.
Article 45 — Assessment
Every course shall require verifiable assessment.
Authorized assessments include:
a) written examinations;
b) economic analyses;
c) financial statements;
d) accounting exercises;
e) budget instruments;
f) tax analyses;
g) credit assessments;
h) business plans;
i) enterprise-administration dossiers;
j) investment studies;
k) procurement files;
l) audit reports;
m) statistical reports;
n) regulatory memoranda;
o) project evaluations; and
p) oral defences.
Article 46 — Applied Economic Production
Students shall be required to produce academic work capable of demonstrating competence in:
a) economic interpretation;
b) financial calculation;
c) accounting classification;
d) budgeting;
e) enterprise planning;
f) credit analysis;
g) taxation;
h) investment evaluation;
i) statistical analysis;
j) procurement administration;
k) financial control;
l) commercial organization; and
m) preparation of institutional economic recommendations.
Article 47 — Research Standards
Research conducted under the authority of the Faculty shall satisfy standards of:
a) data identification;
b) source reliability;
c) quantitative accuracy;
d) methodological coherence;
e) documentary provenance;
f) transparent calculation;
g) distinction between fact, estimate, projection and policy assumption;
h) intellectual attribution;
i) confidentiality;
j) academic integrity; and
k) permanent institutional registration.
BOOK VIII
ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND INSTITUTIONAL EXPERTISE
Article 48 — Research Mandate
The Faculty shall conduct research concerning:
a) production;
b) employment;
c) income;
d) prices;
e) enterprise formation;
f) business continuity;
g) cooperative organization;
h) public revenue;
i) public expenditure;
j) taxation;
k) banking;
l) credit;
m) savings;
n) investment;
o) trade;
p) financial inclusion;
q) procurement;
r) institutional finance;
s) economic regulation; and
t) endogenous development.
Article 49 — Economic Measurement
The Faculty may establish economic measurement instruments concerning:
a) household income;
b) employment;
c) enterprise activity;
d) prices;
e) commercial circulation;
f) public revenue;
g) institutional expenditure;
h) credit access;
i) debt;
j) savings;
k) investment;
l) trade;
m) cooperative activity;
n) financial inclusion; and
o) economic confidence.
Every statistical instrument shall identify its methodology, population, period, source, limitations and institutional authority.
Article 50 — Institutional Economic Expertise
The Faculty may prepare:
a) economic studies;
b) financial analyses;
c) budgetary assessments;
d) fiscal reports;
e) credit frameworks;
f) enterprise plans;
g) cooperative studies;
h) accounting systems;
i) audit instruments;
j) investment evaluations;
k) procurement assessments;
l) trade analyses;
m) economic forecasts;
n) market-supervision reports; and
o) institutional financial recommendations.
Article 51 — Authorized Institutional Use
Academic expertise produced by the Faculty may be transmitted to:
a) constitutional authorities;
b) ministries;
c) public institutions;
d) autonomous communities;
e) financial institutions;
f) public enterprises;
g) private enterprises;
h) cooperatives;
i) mutual organizations;
j) community economic bodies;
k) institutional investors; and
l) other recognized entities requiring competent economic analysis.
Every transmission shall preserve academic attribution, documentary integrity and the institutional status of the originating work.
BOOK IX
FACULTY GOVERNMENT AND ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION
Article 52 — Faculty Competence
The Faculty shall exercise competence over:
a) its curricula;
b) its microprograms;
c) its courses;
d) its admissions recommendations;
e) its instructional appointments;
f) its examinations;
g) its assessment standards;
h) its economic research programmes;
i) its academic publications;
j) its statistical instruments;
k) its recognition recommendations;
l) its academic records;
m) its internal disciplinary organization; and
n) its recommendations for conferral.
Article 53 — Academic Appointments
Instruction may be provided by:
a) University professors;
b) appointed instructors;
c) economists;
d) accountants;
e) auditors;
f) financial administrators;
g) bankers;
h) credit specialists;
i) enterprise managers;
j) entrepreneurs;
k) cooperative organizers;
l) statisticians;
m) investment analysts;
n) procurement specialists;
o) taxation specialists;
p) authorized researchers; and
q) other persons whose competence has been formally recognized by the University.
Every instructional appointment shall identify its academic field, curricular mandate, assessment function, reporting obligations and period of authorization.
Article 54 — External Academic Contribution
The Faculty may receive instruction, research, documentation or technical assistance from qualified external persons and institutions.
Every external contribution shall operate within an approved University mandate establishing:
a) the subject matter;
b) the academic purpose;
c) the applicable curriculum;
d) the instructional responsibility;
e) the assessment authority;
f) the SAC effect;
g) the documentary obligations; and
h) the conditions of institutional registration.
Article 55 — Academic Records
The Faculty shall maintain the academic records required for:
a) admission;
b) registration;
c) course completion;
d) microprogram completion;
e) SAC allocation;
f) assessment;
g) recognized external instruction;
h) recognized prior learning;
i) multidisciplinary concentration;
j) completion decisions; and
k) recommendations for conferral.
Every record shall be transmitted to the General Academic Register according to the applicable University procedure.
Article 56 — Credentials
Every attestation, certificate, bachelor’s degree, advanced bachelor’s degree, transcript and academic supplement shall be issued exclusively in the name and under the seal of the University of Xaragua.
The Faculty shall certify satisfaction of the applicable academic requirements and recommend conferral to the competent University authority.
BOOK X
PERMANENCE, SUPREMACY AND EXECUTION
Article 57 — Permanent Incorporation
The Faculty of Economic Studies is permanently incorporated into the academic order of the University of Xaragua.
Its disciplinary jurisdiction, microprograms, curricula, research functions, economic instruments, statistical records, archives and qualification responsibilities shall continue across changes affecting personnel, instructional method, territorial location, digital platform or external academic cooperation.
Article 58 — Academic Supremacy
This Act constitutes the controlling organic instrument governing the Faculty of Economic Studies.
Every faculty regulation, curriculum, microprogram instrument, course description, assessment measure and administrative decision shall be interpreted and executed in conformity with this Act and the superior academic law of the University.
Article 59 — Implementation
The Faculty shall prepare and maintain:
a) the official curriculum of each registered microprogram;
b) course descriptions;
c) learning outcomes;
d) reading lists;
e) assessment standards;
f) admission requirements;
g) instructional assignments;
h) economic research protocols;
i) academic calendars;
j) examination instruments;
k) completion records; and
l) recommendations for conferral.
Article 60 — Amendment
The institutional status, disciplinary jurisdiction and permanent functions of the Faculty may be amended by a subsequent supreme academic act adopted under the authority of the University of Xaragua.
Curricula, course titles, reading lists, assessment methods and activated microprograms may be regulated through competent academic instruments entered in the General Academic Register.
Article 61 — Entry into Force
This Supreme Organic Academic Founding Act enters into permanent force upon promulgation.
It shall be incorporated into the supreme academic corpus of the University of Xaragua and deposited in the General Archives of the State.
FINAL SUPREME ACADEMIC DETERMINATION
THE FACULTY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES IS HEREBY ESTABLISHED AS A PERMANENT CONSTITUENT FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA.
THE FACULTY SHALL EXERCISE ACADEMIC JURISDICTION OVER ECONOMICS, COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, SOCIAL ECONOMY, COMMUNITY ECONOMY, COOPERATIVE ECONOMY, POLITICAL ECONOMY, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, PUBLIC FINANCE, TAXATION, BANKING, CREDIT, MONETARY STUDIES, ACCOUNTING, AUDITING, FINANCIAL CONTROL, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, LABOUR ECONOMICS, COMMERCIAL STUDIES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, CUSTOMS, INVESTMENT, PROJECT EVALUATION, PUBLIC PROCUREMENT, ECONOMIC STATISTICS, FINANCIAL REGULATION AND INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMIC ADMINISTRATION.
SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY ECONOMY SHALL CONSTITUTE A PRINCIPAL FIELD OF INSTITUTIONAL SPECIALIZATION OF THE FACULTY.
MICROPROGRAM NO. 1 — CONSTITUTIONAL, TERRITORIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FORMATION OF XARAGUA — SHALL CONSTITUTE THE COMPULSORY FOUNDATIONAL MICROPROGRAM APPLICABLE TO THE QUALIFICATIONS ADMINISTERED UNDER THIS ACT.
EVERY MICROPROGRAM SHALL COMPRISE FIVE COURSES OF THREE SOVEREIGN ACADEMIC CREDITS EACH AND SHALL POSSESS A TOTAL VALUE OF FIFTEEN SOVEREIGN ACADEMIC CREDITS.
THE FACULTY SHALL ADMINISTER ATTESTATIONS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY CERTIFICATES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY BACHELOR’S DEGREES AND ADVANCED MULTIDISCIPLINARY BACHELOR’S DEGREES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE STATUTORY CREDIT ORDER OF THE UNIVERSITY.
THE ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL, COMMERCIAL, BANKING, FISCAL, ACCOUNTING, ENTERPRISE, CREDIT, INVESTMENT AND COOPERATIVE CORPUS OF XARAGUA SHALL CONSTITUTE A PRIMARY ACADEMIC FOUNDATION OF THE FACULTY.
THE FACULTY SHALL ORGANIZE THAT CORPUS THROUGH REGISTERED CURRICULA, AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTION, DOCUMENTED RESEARCH, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, VERIFIABLE ASSESSMENT, SOVEREIGN ACADEMIC CREDITS AND PERMANENT ACADEMIC RECORDS.
THE FACULTY SHALL FORM ECONOMIC ADMINISTRATORS, ACCOUNTANTS, AUDITORS, FINANCIAL OFFICERS, ENTERPRISE MANAGERS, ENTREPRENEURS, CREDIT ADMINISTRATORS, BANKING PERSONNEL, PUBLIC-FINANCE OFFICERS, TAXATION PERSONNEL, PROCUREMENT OFFICERS, PROJECT ANALYSTS, COOPERATIVE ORGANIZERS, STATISTICIANS AND DEVELOPMENT PERSONNEL CAPABLE OF ADMINISTERING OPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS.
SO ESTABLISHED.
SO CONSTITUTED.
SO CLASSIFIED.
SO INCORPORATED.
SO REGISTERED.
SO PROMULGATED.

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA
OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT
SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AND ACADEMIC AUTHORITY
UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA
GENERAL ACADEMIC REGISTER
GENERAL ARCHIVES OF THE STATE
SUPREME ORGANIC ACADEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FOUNDING ACT
ON THE PERMANENT CONSTITUTION, ACADEMIC JURISDICTION, ENVIRONMENTAL COMPETENCE, REGULATORY CAPACITY, NATURAL-RESOURCE GOVERNANCE, AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY STUDIES, CLIMATE RESILIENCE, SANITATION, MATERIAL RECOVERY, MICROPROGRAM AUTHORITY AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY QUALIFICATION FUNCTIONS OF THE FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Official Classification: Supreme Organic Academic and Environmental Instrument — Faculty Constituting Act — Environmental Authority Statute — Natural-Resource Governance Act — Agricultural and Fishery Studies Instrument — Water and Sanitation Framework — Climate-Resilience Regulation — Material-Recovery and Circular-Resource Act — Multidisciplinary Qualifications Regulation
Constituting Authority: Office of the Rector-President
Supreme Academic Institution: University of Xaragua
Competent Academic Organ: Faculty of Environmental Studies
Competent Technical Organ: Environmental Authority of Xaragua
Permanent Academic Registry: General Academic Register
Environmental Registry: General Environmental Register
Archival Depositary: General Archives of the State
Institutional Status: Permanent Constituent Faculty and State Environmental Authority
Territorial Scope: Lands, mountains, forests, watersheds, rivers, aquifers, agricultural areas, coasts, islands, cays, territorial waters, maritime zones, ecosystems, natural resources and protected environmental interests situated within the constitutional and ancestral jurisdiction of Xaragua
Academic and Institutional Effect: Organic, permanent, controlling and directly applicable
PREAMBLE
IN THE NAME OF GOD, Creator of the natural order and source of lawful stewardship, justice, knowledge and intergenerational responsibility;
BY THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUENT AUTHORITY of the Indigenous People of Xaragua;
BY THE SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AND ACADEMIC COMPETENCE vested in the Office of the Rector-President and exercised through the University of Xaragua;
IN EXECUTION OF the inherent right of the Indigenous People of Xaragua to establish, administer and control its own educational institutions, environmental systems, natural-resource policies, territorial priorities, scientific formations and mechanisms for the preservation and transmission of Indigenous knowledge;
IN EXERCISE OF the permanent relationship of the People of Xaragua with its ancestral lands, mountains, forests, waters, coasts, islands, maritime spaces, fisheries, agricultural systems, mineral resources, biological patrimony and ecological institutions;
CONSIDERING that the natural environment constitutes the permanent material foundation of life, food, water, health, settlement, culture, subsistence, production, territorial continuity and intergenerational survival;
CONSIDERING that environmental administration requires an integrated institutional order governing land, soils, forests, watersheds, agriculture, fisheries, marine ecosystems, biodiversity, climate, sanitation, pollution, waste, energy, biological resources and ecological restoration;
CONSIDERING that the environmental corpus of Xaragua comprises territorial instruments, maritime policies, agricultural doctrines, water policies, sanitation measures, fisheries regulations, natural-resource acts, energy frameworks, environmental classifications, protected-area provisions, disaster-preparedness measures and Indigenous territorial-rights instruments;
CONSIDERING that this corpus requires permanent academic organization, scientific examination, technical classification, regulatory implementation, verified instruction and institutional transmission;
CONSIDERING that environmental science, Indigenous environmental knowledge, agricultural practice, community experience, technical observation and territorial evidence collectively constitute necessary sources of environmental administration;
CONSIDERING that the academic system of the University is founded upon microprograms comprising five courses of three Sovereign Academic Credits each and possessing a statutory value of fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits;
CONSIDERING that certificates, bachelor’s degrees and advanced bachelor’s degrees administered outside the principal juridical-political degree are constituted through the multidisciplinary qualification order of the University;
THE OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT hereby establishes, constitutes and permanently incorporates the Faculty of Environmental Studies within the academic and environmental order of Xaragua.
BOOK I
CONSTITUTION AND INSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF THE FACULTY
Article 1 — Formal Establishment
The Faculty of Environmental Studies is hereby established as a permanent constituent faculty of the University of Xaragua.
The Faculty shall constitute the principal academic organ responsible for the organized study, instruction, research, classification and institutional application of environmental science, ecology, biodiversity, conservation, forestry, agriculture, agroecology, fisheries, hydrology, climate resilience, sanitation, pollution control, natural-resource governance, renewable energy and material recovery.
The Faculty shall exercise academic, curricular, evaluative, research, documentary and qualification jurisdiction over every environmental field expressly attributed to it by this Act and by the superior academic law of the University.
Article 2 — Environmental Authority
The Faculty is hereby constituted as the Environmental Authority of the Sovereign Catholic Indigenous and Private State of Xaragua.
In that institutional capacity, the Faculty shall exercise the environmental regulatory, technical, scientific, classificatory, advisory, monitoring and documentary functions attributed to it by this Act, the Constitution and competent environmental law.
The Environmental Authority shall operate as the specialized State organ responsible for converting environmental knowledge into standards, classifications, technical determinations, territorial inventories, institutional recommendations and measures of ecological protection.
Article 3 — Constitutional Foundation
The Faculty derives its academic and environmental competence from:
a) the original constituent authority of the Indigenous People of Xaragua;
b) the Constitution and supreme laws of Xaragua;
c) the Indigenous relationship with ancestral lands, territories, waters and resources;
d) the governing laws of the University;
e) the academic authority exercised through the Office of the Rector-President;
f) the environmental and territorial laws of Xaragua;
g) the customary environmental practices of Indigenous communities; and
h) the permanent institutional obligation to preserve the ecological basis of collective life.
Article 4 — Institutional Personality
The Faculty possesses a permanent academic and environmental identity within the institutional order of Xaragua.
Its institutional personality comprises:
a) environmental disciplinary jurisdiction;
b) curricular competence;
c) administration of environmental microprograms;
d) environmental research authority;
e) academic assessment jurisdiction;
f) authority to recommend academic conferral;
g) regulatory and technical capacity;
h) environmental inspection and monitoring functions;
i) authority to issue technical classifications and determinations;
j) authority to maintain environmental registers and territorial inventories;
k) authority to establish research units, technical divisions, field stations and authorized laboratories;
l) responsibility for the integrity of environmental and academic records; and
m) responsibility for the permanent preservation of environmental evidence.
Article 5 — Supreme Academic Integration
The Faculty forms an integral component of the unified academic order of the University of Xaragua.
Every programme, microprogram, course, research activity, assessment, academic record and qualification administered by the Faculty shall operate under the supreme academic authority of the University.
Every environmental standard, technical directive, inspection record, ecological inventory and regulatory determination issued by the Faculty shall operate within the constitutional and environmental order of Xaragua.
Article 6 — Permanent Mission
The permanent mission of the Faculty is to organize, preserve, develop and apply knowledge concerning:
a) ecosystems;
b) biodiversity;
c) soils;
d) forests;
e) watersheds;
f) freshwater resources;
g) agricultural systems;
h) fisheries;
i) coastal and marine environments;
j) islands and cays;
k) climate;
l) natural hazards;
m) environmental health;
n) sanitation;
o) pollution;
p) waste;
q) material recovery;
r) renewable energy;
s) biological resources;
t) mineral and geological environments;
u) ecological restoration;
v) Indigenous environmental knowledge; and
w) community environmental administration.
BOOK II
FOUNDATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL DOCTRINE
Article 7 — Environment as Permanent Territorial Order
The environment of Xaragua constitutes an integrated territorial order comprising land, water, air, forests, mountains, coasts, islands, marine areas, soils, species, ecological processes, natural resources, settlements and human communities.
The Faculty shall administer environmental knowledge according to the unity of those components and their collective function within the territorial order.
Environmental instruction, research and regulation shall be directed toward the preservation of ecological continuity, public health, productive capacity, community security and intergenerational survival.
Article 8 — Indigenous Environmental Stewardship
The Indigenous People of Xaragua possesses a permanent collective relationship with the lands, territories, waters, coasts, islands, species and natural resources forming its ancestral environment.
The Faculty shall receive, classify, preserve and transmit Indigenous knowledge concerning:
a) soils;
b) seasons;
c) waters;
d) forests;
e) plants;
f) animals;
g) fisheries;
h) agriculture;
i) navigation;
j) weather;
k) food systems;
l) medicinal resources;
m) sacred sites;
n) community resource use; and
o) customary environmental stewardship.
Article 9 — Environmental Integrity
Environmental integrity shall constitute the condition in which ecological systems retain the structure, function, regenerative capacity and territorial continuity required to sustain life and collective use.
The Faculty shall evaluate environmental integrity through:
a) biodiversity;
b) habitat continuity;
c) water quality;
d) soil fertility;
e) forest cover;
f) watershed stability;
g) coastal protection;
h) fish populations;
i) ecological connectivity;
j) pollution levels;
k) regenerative capacity; and
l) resilience to natural and human disturbance.
Article 10 — Territorial Resilience
Territorial resilience shall constitute the capacity of communities, ecosystems and essential systems to anticipate, withstand, absorb, respond to and recover from hurricanes, floods, droughts, earthquakes, landslides, coastal erosion, contamination, ecological degradation and disruption of essential resources.
The Faculty shall organize territorial resilience through:
a) environmental observation;
b) risk classification;
c) vulnerability assessment;
d) community preparation;
e) protection of water and food systems;
f) protection of ecological buffers;
g) environmental emergency planning;
h) restoration protocols;
i) resilient agricultural practices;
j) diversified resource systems; and
k) preservation of essential environmental records.
Article 11 — Productive Ecological Administration
Natural resources shall be studied and administered as components of a permanent ecological and territorial order.
Productive use shall be organized according to:
a) ecological capacity;
b) resource renewal;
c) public health;
d) community requirements;
e) Indigenous rights;
f) territorial continuity;
g) intergenerational preservation;
h) technical feasibility;
i) environmental monitoring;
j) waste minimization; and
k) restoration of affected systems.
Article 12 — Circular Resource Doctrine
Materials retaining biological, chemical, physical, energetic or productive utility shall be classified according to their capacity for recovery, treatment, conversion, reuse or safe reintegration.
Circular resource administration shall govern:
a) reduction of waste;
b) separation of material streams;
c) reuse;
d) repair;
e) recycling;
f) composting;
g) biological stabilization;
h) energy recovery;
i) recovery of secondary raw materials;
j) controlled treatment; and
k) final containment of non-recoverable residues.
BOOK III
DISCIPLINARY JURISDICTION
Article 13 — Environmental Science
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over environmental science and the integrated study of physical, biological, ecological and human conditions affecting the natural environment.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) ecosystem structure;
b) ecological processes;
c) environmental change;
d) resource use;
e) pollution;
f) human-environment relations;
g) environmental observation;
h) environmental indicators;
i) ecological limits;
j) cumulative impacts; and
k) environmental restoration.
Article 14 — Ecology
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over ecology and the study of relations among organisms, communities, habitats and physical environments.
Instruction shall encompass:
a) populations;
b) communities;
c) food webs;
d) energy flows;
e) nutrient cycles;
f) ecological succession;
g) species interaction;
h) habitat formation;
i) ecological disturbance;
j) carrying capacity;
k) ecosystem services; and
l) ecological resilience.
Article 15 — Biodiversity and Conservation
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over biodiversity, conservation and habitat protection.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) species diversity;
b) genetic diversity;
c) ecosystem diversity;
d) endemic species;
e) threatened species;
f) habitat fragmentation;
g) ecological corridors;
h) protected areas;
i) conservation planning;
j) restoration ecology;
k) invasive species;
l) community conservation; and
m) preservation of Indigenous biological knowledge.
Article 16 — Forestry
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over forests and the administration of forest ecosystems.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) forest ecology;
b) tree species;
c) forest succession;
d) reforestation;
e) afforestation;
f) community forestry;
g) forest products;
h) watershed forests;
i) fire prevention;
j) erosion control;
k) habitat protection;
l) sustainable harvesting;
m) forest inventories; and
n) restoration of degraded forest territory.
Article 17 — Soil Science and Conservation
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over soils and their permanent productive and ecological functions.
Instruction shall encompass:
a) soil formation;
b) soil classification;
c) soil fertility;
d) organic matter;
e) nutrient cycles;
f) erosion;
g) compaction;
h) contamination;
i) mountain soils;
j) agricultural soils;
k) soil conservation;
l) terracing;
m) vegetative protection;
n) soil restoration; and
o) monitoring of productive capacity.
Article 18 — Agriculture and Agroecology
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over agriculture, agroecology and the environmental administration of food-producing systems.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) Indigenous agricultural knowledge;
b) mountain agriculture;
c) smallholder production;
d) crop systems;
e) mixed farming;
f) soil fertility;
g) seed preservation;
h) crop diversity;
i) agroforestry;
j) water-efficient agriculture;
k) ecological pest management;
l) community farming;
m) agricultural resilience;
n) post-disaster food production; and
o) relations among agriculture, ecosystems and territorial subsistence.
Article 19 — Food Security
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over the environmental and productive foundations of food security.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) territorial food production;
b) crop diversity;
c) fisheries;
d) food reserves;
e) agricultural resilience;
f) soil fertility;
g) water availability;
h) seed systems;
i) food losses;
j) climate effects upon production;
k) community food systems;
l) nutritional resource planning; and
m) continuity of food supply during emergencies.
Article 20 — Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over fisheries, aquatic ecosystems and the environmental administration of living marine and freshwater resources.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) fish populations;
b) spawning areas;
c) nursery habitats;
d) fishing seasons;
e) fishing methods;
f) catch monitoring;
g) community fisheries;
h) inland waters;
i) reef fisheries;
j) coastal fisheries;
k) pelagic resources;
l) aquaculture;
m) fisheries conservation;
n) illegal and destructive fishing practices; and
o) ecological continuity of aquatic food systems.
Article 21 — Marine and Coastal Environmental Studies
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over marine and coastal environments.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) coastal ecosystems;
b) mangroves;
c) coral reefs;
d) seagrass habitats;
e) beaches;
f) bays;
g) estuaries;
h) island ecosystems;
i) coastal erosion;
j) marine pollution;
k) sediment movement;
l) coastal biodiversity;
m) ecological effects of ports and maritime activity;
n) marine protected areas; and
o) environmental administration of maritime zones.
Article 22 — Hydrology and Watershed Administration
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over water systems and watersheds.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) rainfall;
b) surface water;
c) groundwater;
d) springs;
e) rivers;
f) aquifers;
g) infiltration;
h) runoff;
i) watershed boundaries;
j) flood systems;
k) drought;
l) water quality;
m) watershed degradation;
n) watershed restoration; and
o) community water security.
Article 23 — Water Security and Supply Systems
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over the environmental and technical foundations of water security.
Instruction shall encompass:
a) source protection;
b) rainwater capture;
c) storage;
d) filtration;
e) disinfection;
f) decentralized supply;
g) water-quality monitoring;
h) groundwater protection;
i) drought planning;
j) emergency supply;
k) desalination;
l) reduction of water loss;
m) community water administration; and
n) continuity of essential water services.
Article 24 — Sanitation and Wastewater
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over sanitation and wastewater administration.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) domestic sanitation;
b) community sanitation;
c) wastewater collection;
d) decentralized treatment;
e) biological treatment;
f) septic systems;
g) greywater;
h) sludge management;
i) drainage;
j) contamination control;
k) pathogen reduction;
l) protection of groundwater;
m) protection of coastal waters; and
n) sanitary monitoring.
Article 25 — Climate and Atmospheric Conditions
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over the environmental study of climate and atmospheric conditions affecting the territory.
Instruction shall encompass:
a) Caribbean climate systems;
b) temperature;
c) rainfall;
d) drought;
e) humidity;
f) winds;
g) tropical depressions;
h) hurricanes;
i) seasonal variability;
j) long-term climatic change;
k) ocean-atmosphere relations;
l) climate effects upon water, agriculture and fisheries;
m) climatic vulnerability; and
n) territorial adaptation.
Article 26 — Natural Hazards and Environmental Risk
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over natural hazards and their environmental consequences.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) hurricanes;
b) floods;
c) droughts;
d) landslides;
e) coastal erosion;
f) storm surge;
g) earthquakes;
h) seismic effects upon land and water systems;
i) ecological vulnerability;
j) risk mapping;
k) environmental emergency assessment;
l) protection of essential resources;
m) post-disaster environmental inspection; and
n) ecological restoration following disaster.
Article 27 — Environmental Health
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over environmental conditions affecting collective health.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) drinking-water quality;
b) sanitation;
c) air pollution;
d) soil contamination;
e) food contamination;
f) vector habitats;
g) waste exposure;
h) toxic substances;
i) smoke;
j) occupational environmental risks;
k) biological contamination;
l) environmental disease prevention;
m) sanitary inspection; and
n) protection of vulnerable communities.
Article 28 — Pollution Prevention and Control
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over pollution and contamination control.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) air pollution;
b) water pollution;
c) soil pollution;
d) marine pollution;
e) noise;
f) smoke;
g) industrial residues;
h) agricultural contamination;
i) sewage;
j) oil and fuel contamination;
k) hazardous substances;
l) leachate;
m) pollution monitoring;
n) containment;
o) remediation; and
p) restoration of affected environments.
Article 29 — Waste Management
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over waste classification, collection, treatment, recovery and final containment.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) household waste;
b) commercial waste;
c) institutional waste;
d) organic waste;
e) agricultural residues;
f) construction residues;
g) recyclable materials;
h) electronic waste;
i) hazardous waste;
j) medical waste;
k) collection systems;
l) transport;
m) storage;
n) sorting;
o) treatment; and
p) controlled disposal.
Article 30 — Recycling and Material Recovery
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) material classification;
b) source separation;
c) collection;
d) sorting;
e) cleaning;
f) processing;
g) reuse;
h) repair;
i) recycling;
j) recovery of metals;
k) recovery of glass;
l) recovery of paper and fibres;
m) recovery of plastics;
n) recovery of organic matter;
o) traceability; and
p) administration of recovered outputs.
Article 31 — Composting and Biological Recovery
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over biological stabilization and productive recovery of organic materials.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) composting;
b) feedstock classification;
c) moisture and aeration;
d) temperature control;
e) pathogen reduction;
f) biological decomposition;
g) stabilization;
h) soil amendments;
i) digestate;
j) agricultural residues;
k) food residues;
l) plant matter;
m) sanitary controls;
n) quality assessment; and
o) productive application of recovered biological material.
Article 32 — Renewable and Decentralized Energy Systems
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over the environmental study of renewable and decentralized energy.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) solar energy;
b) wind energy;
c) marine energy;
d) ocean thermal-energy conversion;
e) biomass;
f) biogas;
g) controlled gasification;
h) energy storage;
i) methanol and power-to-liquid systems;
j) decentralized generation;
k) environmental assessment of energy systems;
l) resource efficiency;
m) emissions control; and
n) energy continuity for essential environmental services.
Article 33 — Biomass and Biogas
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over the controlled conversion of suitable organic materials into useful biological and energetic products.
Instruction shall encompass:
a) biomass classification;
b) agricultural residues;
c) plant residues;
d) food residues;
e) anaerobic digestion;
f) biogas production;
g) gas capture;
h) digestate management;
i) solid biomass preparation;
j) controlled thermal conversion;
k) emissions;
l) fire safety;
m) biological risks;
n) energy recovery; and
o) environmental performance.
Article 34 — Mineral and Geological Environments
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over the environmental dimensions of minerals, geological resources and subsoil activity.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) geological settings;
b) mineral occurrences;
c) soil and rock disturbance;
d) water contamination;
e) tailings;
f) excavation;
g) erosion;
h) habitat disruption;
i) environmental baselines;
j) monitoring;
k) rehabilitation;
l) closure planning;
m) community protection; and
n) preservation of collective environmental rights over natural resources.
Article 35 — Environmental Economics and Resource Valuation
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over environmental economics as applied to ecological protection and resource administration.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) ecosystem services;
b) environmental costs;
c) resource scarcity;
d) ecological externalities;
e) pollution costs;
f) restoration costs;
g) resource valuation;
h) circular-resource systems;
i) economic instruments for environmental protection;
j) environmental charges;
k) cost-benefit analysis;
l) long-term ecological value;
m) intergenerational allocation; and
n) economic consequences of environmental degradation.
Article 36 — Environmental Mapping and Statistics
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over:
a) environmental mapping;
b) geographic information systems;
c) satellite and aerial observation;
d) territorial inventories;
e) land-cover classification;
f) watershed mapping;
g) habitat mapping;
h) coastal mapping;
i) pollution mapping;
j) risk mapping;
k) environmental indicators;
l) ecological statistics;
m) monitoring networks;
n) spatial analysis; and
o) preservation of environmental data.
Article 37 — Environmental-Impact Assessment
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over the systematic assessment of activities capable of affecting the environment.
Its competence shall encompass:
a) project description;
b) environmental baseline;
c) identification of affected systems;
d) direct impacts;
e) indirect impacts;
f) cumulative impacts;
g) alternatives;
h) mitigation;
i) monitoring;
j) restoration;
k) community participation;
l) Indigenous consultation;
m) technical conditions;
n) environmental guarantees; and
o) post-authorization review.
BOOK IV
XARAGUAYAN FOUNDATIONAL FORMATION
Article 38 — Compulsory Foundational Microprogram
Microprogram No. 1 — Constitutional, Territorial and Institutional Formation of Xaragua — constitutes the compulsory foundational microprogram applicable to the qualifications administered under this Act.
The microprogram possesses a statutory value of fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits.
Its curriculum comprises:
1.1 — Indigenous Civilizations, Cacicazgos and Ancestral Political Orders;
1.2 — Colonial Government, Territorial Reclassification and Institutional Dispossession;
1.3 — Revolutionary, Imperial, Republican and Indigenous Constitutional Formations;
1.4 — Territorial, Maritime, Insular and Community Organization of Xaragua; and
1.5 — Contemporary Constitutional Institutions and Public Order of Xaragua.
Article 39 — Environmental Function of the Foundational Microprogram
The foundational microprogram shall establish the Indigenous, historical, territorial and institutional framework required for environmental study within Xaragua.
Its instruction shall enable students to situate:
a) ancestral land relations;
b) Indigenous resource systems;
c) colonial dispossession;
d) plantation transformation;
e) forest and soil degradation;
f) historical agricultural systems;
g) maritime and coastal use;
h) community water systems;
i) territorial classifications;
j) environmental institutions;
k) collective natural-resource rights; and
l) contemporary environmental administration
within the constitutional and territorial formation of Xaragua.
Article 40 — Permanent Academic Application
The fifteen SAC acquired through Microprogram No. 1 shall be entered permanently in the student’s academic record.
The registered credits shall satisfy the foundational component of subsequent certificates, multidisciplinary bachelor’s degrees and advanced multidisciplinary bachelor’s degrees constituted under University law.
BOOK V
MICROPROGRAM JURISDICTION OF THE FACULTY
Article 41 — Uniform Academic Structure
Every microprogram administered by the Faculty shall comprise five courses of three SAC each.
Every completed microprogram shall possess a total value of fifteen SAC.
Every microprogram shall be governed by:
a) an official title;
b) an official number;
c) an approved curriculum;
d) prescribed learning outcomes;
e) identified academic supervision;
f) verifiable assessment;
g) completion requirements; and
h) permanent registration.
Article 42 — Registered Environmental Microprograms
The Faculty shall exercise academic jurisdiction over the following registered microprograms.
Microprogram No. 11 — Natural Resources, Mining and Environmental Governance
Courses:
11.1 — Indigenous Collective Rights over Natural Resources
11.2 — Environmental Administration of Land and Subsoil Resources
11.3 — Forests, Watersheds, Biodiversity and Protected Territories
11.4 — Environmental Assessment, Community Consultation and Territorial Consent
11.5 — Resource Monitoring, Restoration and Institutional Protection
Microprogram No. 34 — Agriculture, Agroecology, Fisheries and Food Sovereignty
Courses:
34.1 — Indigenous Agriculture and Territorial Food Systems
34.2 — Mountain Agriculture, Soils and Watershed Production
34.3 — Fisheries, Aquatic Resources and Coastal Food Systems
34.4 — Seeds, Crop Diversity, Food Reserves and Productive Resilience
34.5 — Community Agricultural Administration and Food Security
Microprogram No. 35 — Renewable Energy, Biological Resources and Environmental Infrastructure
Courses:
35.1 — Renewable and Decentralized Energy Systems
35.2 — Solar, Wind, Marine and Ocean Thermal Energy
35.3 — Biomass, Biogas and Biological Resource Recovery
35.4 — Energy Storage, Methanol and Resource Conversion
35.5 — Environmental Assessment and Regulation of Energy Systems
Microprogram No. 38 — Environmental Governance and Biodiversity
Courses:
38.1 — Environmental Institutions and Ecological Administration
38.2 — Biodiversity, Species and Habitat Protection
38.3 — Forests, Watersheds and Protected Areas
38.4 — Climate Adaptation and Territorial Resilience
38.5 — Indigenous Environmental Knowledge and Community Stewardship
Microprogram No. 59 — Water Security, Hydrology and Sanitation
Courses:
59.1 — Hydrology, Watersheds and Groundwater
59.2 — Water Capture, Storage, Filtration and Distribution
59.3 — Sanitation, Wastewater and Decentralized Treatment
59.4 — Water Quality, Contamination and Public Health
59.5 — Drought, Emergency Supply and Community Water Administration
Microprogram No. 60 — Coastal, Marine and Fishery Environmental Administration
Courses:
60.1 — Coastal Ecosystems, Mangroves and Reefs
60.2 — Marine Biodiversity and Island Ecology
60.3 — Fisheries, Spawning Areas and Aquatic Resource Protection
60.4 — Marine Pollution, Coastal Erosion and Habitat Restoration
60.5 — Environmental Administration of Maritime and Insular Territories
Microprogram No. 61 — Climate Resilience and Territorial Environmental Risk
Courses:
61.1 — Caribbean Climate and Atmospheric Conditions
61.2 — Hurricanes, Floods, Droughts and Coastal Hazards
61.3 — Earthquakes, Landslides and Environmental Vulnerability
61.4 — Risk Mapping, Community Preparedness and Essential Resources
61.5 — Post-Disaster Environmental Assessment and Restoration
Microprogram No. 62 — Waste Management, Recycling and Material Recovery
Courses:
62.1 — Waste Classification, Collection and Institutional Administration
62.2 — Sorting, Storage, Transportation and Traceability
62.3 — Reuse, Repair, Recycling and Secondary Materials
62.4 — Hazardous, Medical, Electronic and Non-Recoverable Waste
62.5 — Facility Inspection, Environmental Control and Final Containment
Microprogram No. 63 — Composting, Biomass and Biological Resource Recovery
Courses:
63.1 — Organic Materials and Biological Feedstock Classification
63.2 — Composting, Stabilization and Soil Amendments
63.3 — Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
63.4 — Biomass Preparation, Gasification and Energy Recovery
63.5 — Sanitary Control, Emissions, Residues and Environmental Performance
Microprogram No. 64 — Environmental Health, Pollution and Contamination Control
Courses:
64.1 — Environmental Determinants of Collective Health
64.2 — Air, Water and Soil Pollution
64.3 — Toxic, Biological and Hazardous Contamination
64.4 — Sanitary Inspection, Monitoring and Exposure Prevention
64.5 — Containment, Remediation and Environmental Restoration
Microprogram No. 65 — Environmental Mapping, Monitoring and Ecological Statistics
Courses:
65.1 — Environmental Cartography and Geographic Information Systems
65.2 — Land Cover, Watershed and Habitat Mapping
65.3 — Coastal, Pollution and Environmental-Risk Mapping
65.4 — Ecological Indicators, Sampling and Statistical Analysis
65.5 — Territorial Environmental Inventory and Monitoring Report
Microprogram No. 66 — Environmental-Impact Assessment and Ecological Restoration
Courses:
66.1 — Environmental Baselines and Project Classification
66.2 — Direct, Indirect and Cumulative Impact Analysis
66.3 — Alternatives, Mitigation and Environmental Conditions
66.4 — Community Participation, Indigenous Consultation and Monitoring
66.5 — Rehabilitation, Restoration and Post-Project Review
Microprogram No. 67 — Forestry, Soil Conservation and Watershed Restoration
Courses:
67.1 — Forest Ecology and Territorial Forest Systems
67.2 — Soil Formation, Fertility and Erosion
67.3 — Reforestation, Agroforestry and Community Forestry
67.4 — Watershed Protection and Mountain-System Restoration
67.5 — Forest Inventories, Monitoring and Institutional Administration
Article 43 — Additional Environmental Microprograms
The University may constitute additional microprograms within the jurisdiction of the Faculty concerning:
a) ecology;
b) conservation biology;
c) environmental chemistry;
d) environmental microbiology;
e) seed preservation;
f) community agriculture;
g) aquaculture;
h) reef conservation;
i) marine-resource monitoring;
j) forest inventories;
k) water-quality analysis;
l) desalination;
m) environmental toxicology;
n) hazardous-material administration;
o) ecological restoration;
p) protected-area administration;
q) Indigenous environmental knowledge;
r) environmental inspection;
s) environmental compliance;
t) climate adaptation;
u) biological resource recovery; and
v) another environmental field lawfully attributed to the Faculty.
Every additional microprogram shall receive an official title, number, curriculum, SAC allocation, assessment regime and permanent register entry before academic conferral.
BOOK VI
MULTIDISCIPLINARY QUALIFICATION ORDER
Article 44 — Multidisciplinary Character
The Faculty shall administer qualifications through the multidisciplinary system established by the University.
The multidisciplinary environmental order shall combine the constitutional and territorial foundation of Xaragua with coherent formations in environmental science, ecology, agriculture, fisheries, forestry, water, sanitation, biodiversity, climate resilience, renewable energy, pollution control, material recovery, environmental mapping and natural-resource governance.
Article 45 — Attestation
Completion of one registered microprogram representing fifteen SAC shall satisfy the academic requirement for an Attestation corresponding to the official title of that microprogram.
The Attestation shall record:
a) the microprogram title;
b) the microprogram number;
c) the five courses completed;
d) the fifteen SAC acquired;
e) the assessment decision; and
f) the permanent credential identifier.
Article 46 — Multidisciplinary Certificate
A Multidisciplinary Certificate shall comprise two approved microprograms representing thirty SAC.
The certificate shall integrate:
a) Microprogram No. 1 and one environmental microprogram; or
b) two complementary environmental microprograms approved as a coherent formation.
The credential shall identify both constituent fields and their registered academic numbers.
Article 47 — Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degree
A Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degree shall comprise six approved microprograms representing ninety SAC.
Its curriculum shall include:
a) Microprogram No. 1;
b) Microprogram No. 45 — Research Methods, Statistics and Institutional Analysis, or Microprogram No. 65 — Environmental Mapping, Monitoring and Ecological Statistics;
c) four additional environmental microprograms;
d) formation drawn from at least three environmental fields; and
e) an integrative environmental assessment.
The official qualification shall be conferred as:
BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY ENVIRONMENTAL AND TERRITORIAL STUDIES
The academic supplement shall identify every constituent microprogram and the approved multidisciplinary concentration.
Article 48 — Advanced Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degree
An Advanced Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degree shall comprise eight approved microprograms representing one hundred and twenty SAC.
Its curriculum shall include:
a) Microprogram No. 1;
b) Microprogram No. 65;
c) Microprogram No. 66;
d) five additional environmental microprograms;
e) formation drawn from at least four environmental fields;
f) a final environmental research or institutional project; and
g) an oral or written defence before the competent academic authority.
The official qualification shall be conferred as:

ADVANCED BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY ENVIRONMENTAL AND TERRITORIAL STUDIES

Article 49 — Approved Multidisciplinary Concentrations

The Faculty may register multidisciplinary concentrations in:

a) environmental governance and natural resources;

b) agriculture, agroecology and food sovereignty;

c) fisheries and coastal environmental administration;

d) forestry, soils and watershed restoration;

e) water security and sanitation;

f) biodiversity and protected territories;

g) climate resilience and environmental risk;

h) renewable energy and biological-resource recovery;

i) waste management and circular-resource systems;

j) environmental health and pollution control;

k) environmental mapping and monitoring;

l) environmental-impact assessment and restoration; and

m) another coherent environmental concentration established by competent academic act.

BOOK VII

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY AUTHORITY

Article 50 — Regulatory Competence

The Environmental Authority shall possess competence to establish and administer:

a) environmental classifications;

b) technical standards;

c) monitoring requirements;

d) inspection procedures;

e) environmental reporting obligations;

f) environmental-impact requirements;

g) pollution-control measures;

h) waste-management conditions;

i) sanitation requirements;

j) resource-recovery standards;

k) restoration obligations;

l) environmental registers;

m) protected-area classifications; and

n) technical directives required for environmental administration.

Article 51 — Environmental Inspection

The Environmental Authority may inspect activities, installations, sites, projects, facilities and material streams capable of affecting the environment.

An environmental inspection may examine:

a) permits and authorizations;

b) site conditions;

c) operational practices;

d) emissions;

e) discharges;

f) waste;

g) storage;

h) soil conditions;

i) water conditions;

j) biological risks;

k) worker and community protection;

l) environmental records;

m) monitoring data; and

n) compliance with applicable technical standards.

Article 52 — Technical Determinations

The Environmental Authority may issue technical determinations concerning:

a) environmental classification;

b) ecological risk;

c) pollution;

d) contamination;

e) environmental damage;

f) conservation requirements;

g) restoration measures;

h) waste classification;

i) recoverable materials;

j) protected habitats;

k) water quality;

l) soil degradation;

m) fishery protection;

n) environmental compliance; and

o) institutional measures required for ecological protection.

Every technical determination shall identify its factual basis, territorial scope, applicable standard, findings, required measure and conditions of review.

Article 53 — Environmental Registers

The Environmental Authority shall establish and maintain:

a) the General Environmental Register;

b) the Register of Protected Areas;

c) the Register of Watersheds and Water Sources;

d) the Register of Forests and Reforestation Areas;

e) the Register of Coastal and Marine Ecosystems;

f) the Register of Agricultural and Agroecological Systems;

g) the Register of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources;

h) the Register of Waste and Material-Recovery Facilities;

i) the Register of Environmental Incidents;

j) the Register of Polluted or Degraded Sites;

k) the Register of Environmental Assessments;

l) the Register of Restoration Measures;

m) the Register of Environmental Monitoring Data; and

n) additional registers required for competent environmental administration.

Article 54 — Environmental-Impact Review

Projects capable of producing material environmental effects shall be classified according to their scale, location, resource requirements, emissions, waste, ecological sensitivity and potential cumulative effects.

The Environmental Authority may require:

a) an environmental description;

b) baseline information;

c) an impact study;

d) community consultation;

e) Indigenous consultation;

f) alternatives;

g) mitigation;

h) monitoring;

i) restoration;

j) financial or institutional guarantees;

k) technical reporting; and

l) post-implementation review.

Article 55 — Environmental Compliance

Environmental compliance shall be established through:

a) documentary review;

b) technical inspection;

c) monitoring data;

d) sampling;

e) site observation;

f) operational records;

g) incident reports;

h) community information;

i) corrective measures;

j) restoration evidence; and

k) final technical verification.

The Environmental Authority may issue directives prescribing correction, monitoring, limitation, suspension, restoration or another environmental measure within its lawful competence.

BOOK VIII

LEGAL CLASSIFICATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF RECOVERABLE MATERIALS

Article 56 — Strategic Recoverable Materials

Organic residues, agricultural by-products, plant matter, food residues, biodegradable matter, reusable materials, recyclable materials and other technically recoverable waste streams are hereby classified as potential strategic material resources.

The applicable classification shall be determined according to:

a) material composition;

b) sanitary condition;

c) contamination;

d) recoverability;

e) treatment requirements;

f) potential reuse;

g) potential biological conversion;

h) potential energy recovery;

i) environmental risk; and

j) final-disposal requirements.

Article 57 — Material Classification

The Environmental Authority shall classify material streams as:

a) directly reusable materials;

b) repairable materials;

c) recyclable materials;

d) compostable materials;

e) digestible biological materials;

f) recoverable biomass;

g) materials suitable for controlled energy recovery;

h) hazardous materials;

i) contaminated materials;

j) medical or biological-risk materials;

k) inert materials; and

l) final-disposal materials.

Each classification shall determine the authorized handling, storage, transport, treatment, recovery and documentation requirements.

Article 58 — Territorial Recycling System

The Environmental Authority shall exercise technical supervision over recycling, sorting, composting, treatment, storage and material-recovery facilities operating within Xaragua.

Every authorized facility shall maintain:

a) defined site boundaries;

b) controlled access;

c) material-receipt procedures;

d) sorting systems;

e) safe storage;

f) sanitary controls;

g) fire protection;

h) worker-protection measures;

i) pollution-prevention systems;

j) traceability records;

k) output classifications;

l) incident procedures;

m) technical reports; and

n) environmental monitoring.

Article 59 — Biological Recovery Installations

Biological recovery installations may process suitable organic materials through:

a) composting;

b) biological stabilization;

c) anaerobic digestion;

d) biogas production;

e) biomass preparation;

f) controlled gasification;

g) soil-amendment production;

h) digestate treatment;

i) residual-heat recovery; and

j) another environmentally authorized recovery process.

Every installation shall operate under technical controls governing feedstock, pathogens, emissions, odours, residues, leachate, fire, biological risk, output quality and environmental performance.

Article 60 — Public Sanitation and Resource Circulation

The territorial material-recovery system shall serve the combined functions of:

a) removing unmanaged waste;

b) reducing uncontrolled dumping;

c) reducing uncontrolled burning;

d) improving sanitary conditions;

e) recovering reusable materials;

f) producing soil amendments;

g) producing suitable biological or energetic inputs;

h) supporting permanent technical employment;

i) preserving land and water quality;

j) maintaining traceable material circulation; and

k) ensuring controlled treatment of residual waste.

BOOK IX

ACADEMIC METHOD, RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT

Article 61 — Instructional Method

Instruction within the Faculty shall proceed through:

a) authoritative environmental readings;

b) Indigenous environmental knowledge;

c) scientific literature;

d) environmental legislation;

e) territorial instruments;

f) maps;

g) field observation;

h) ecological inventories;

i) water and soil records;

j) agricultural and fishery data;

k) environmental case studies;

l) monitoring records;

m) technical reports;

n) supervised field projects; and

o) formal academic assessment.

Article 62 — Corpus-Based Environmental Instruction

The environmental, agricultural, maritime, water, sanitation, energy, natural-resource and territorial corpus of Xaragua shall constitute a primary source of instruction within the Faculty.

The Faculty shall classify every source according to:

a) institutional origin;

b) territorial scope;

c) environmental subject;

d) scientific status;

e) documentary provenance;

f) technical validity;

g) date of application;

h) evidentiary value; and

i) academic use.

Article 63 — Assessment

Every course shall require verifiable assessment.