Microprograms

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SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA
OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT
UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA
SUPREME ACADEMIC AUTHORITY
GENERAL ACADEMIC REGISTER
GENERAL ARCHIVES OF THE STATE
SUPREME ORGANIC ACADEMIC INSTRUMENT
ON THE ESTABLISHMENT, STRUCTURE, DELEGATED DELIVERY, ACADEMIC ACCREDITATION, CREDIT ACCUMULATION, CERTIFICATION, EXTERNAL COOPERATION, PROFESSIONAL COMPLEMENTARITY, PERMANENT REGISTRATION, AND INTELLECTUAL MISSION OF THE XARAGUA MICROPROGRAM SYSTEM
Original Date of Enactment: 11 May 2025
Intellectual Protection Provisions: 24 May 2025
Consolidated Organic Text: 6 September 2026
Institutional Restatement: 8 September 2026
Legal Classification: Supreme Organic Academic Regulation — Indigenous Higher-Education Institutions Instrument — National Microprogram and Academic Progression Standard — Delegated Instruction and Cooperative Education Framework — Academic Accreditation, Certification and Registration Instrument
Constitutional Authority: Office of the Rector-President
Supreme Academic Authority: University of Xaragua
Permanent Academic Registry: General Academic Register
Archival Custodian: General Archives of the State
Principal International References: United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, G.A. Res. A/RES/61/295 of 13 September 2007, Articles 3, 4, 5, 13, 14, 18, 20, 31, 33 and 34; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Articles 13(1) and 13(4); American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, OAS G.A. Res. AG/RES. 2888 (XLVI-O/16) of 15 June 2016, Articles III, XIV, XV and XXI; Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Articles 26 and 27.
Principal Canonical References: Codex Iuris Canonici (1983), Canons 215–218, 229, 298–299, 304, 321–326, 793–795, 800 and 807.
PREAMBLE
The University of Xaragua is established as the supreme academic institution of the Sovereign Catholic Indigenous and Private State of Xaragua and as the principal institutional instrument through which the intellectual capacity of the regions of Xaragua is organized, strengthened, transmitted and placed into permanent service.
The purpose of the University is not to monopolize higher education, absorb the functions of every academic institution, administer every possible course, or compete indiscriminately with universities, colleges, professional schools, technical institutes, research centres or independent professors.
The University is not constituted upon the premise that academic sovereignty requires institutional isolation. It is constituted upon the principle that Xaragua must possess the authority, structures and intellectual capacity necessary to determine its educational priorities, preserve its knowledge, organize its academic development and coordinate the resources required for the advancement of its population.
The strategic objective of the University and of the Microprogram System is to transform the regions of Xaragua into an intellectual power: a territory capable of producing doctrine, training leaders, preserving knowledge, organizing research, developing professional competence, supporting technical formation and participating in wider networks of scholarship without surrendering its institutional identity.
This intellectual objective shall be pursued through a plural academic architecture comprising:
a) schools, microprograms and courses created and administered directly by the University;
b) instruction delivered jointly with external academic institutions;
c) courses entrusted to qualified professors, researchers, practitioners or instructors acting under academic delegation;
d) professional and technical instruction supplied by specialized institutions;
e) external courses incorporated through equivalency, transfer, articulation or formal recognition;
f) compulsory Xaraguayan courses supplied directly by the University as complementary, institutional or orientation components;
g) research, academic cooperation, educational agreements and shared instructional resources;
h) permanent accreditation, certification and registration within the academic order of the University.
The University does not claim that every discipline must be taught exclusively by its own personnel. It does not seek to appropriate professions whose proper formation requires extensive specialized infrastructure, clinical systems, laboratories, professional supervision, statutory licensing or external technical competence.
Disciplines such as medicine, nursing, architecture, engineering, pharmacy, dentistry and other regulated or technically intensive fields may therefore be supported through competent professional schools, universities, institutes, laboratories, hospitals, clinics, academies or qualified instructors. The University may accredit the academic components placed within its jurisdiction, recognize the instruction received, supply the required complementary or orientation courses, and integrate the resulting credits into an authorized Xaraguayan academic pathway.
The Microprogram System is consequently established not as an instrument of academic enclosure, but as an institutional system of coordination, accumulation, accreditation and intellectual mobilization. Its function is to ensure that the regions of Xaragua are not deprived of higher education merely because no single institution can independently maintain every faculty, laboratory, profession or specialization.
The University shall build directly where direct institutional capacity is necessary. It shall delegate where competent delegation is appropriate. It shall cooperate where cooperation strengthens academic quality. It shall recognize external instruction where recognition serves the integrity of an authorized program. It shall preserve direct control over the Xaraguayan academic core, its institutional doctrine, its credentials and its permanent records.
Accordingly, the following Organic Academic Instrument is enacted.
TITLE I
FOUNDATIONAL MISSION AND JURIDICAL AUTHORITY
Article 1 — Establishment
The Xaragua Microprogram System is hereby established as a permanent component of the academic order of the University of Xaragua.
A microprogram constitutes a formally authorized academic unit possessing:
a) an official title;
b) a defined field of instruction;
c) a prescribed curriculum;
d) an established credit value;
e) identified instructional responsibility;
f) assessment and completion requirements;
g) an applicable credential classification; and
h) a permanent academic record.
No educational activity shall acquire the institutional status of a Xaragua microprogram without formal academic authorization.
Article 2 — Supreme Academic Authority
The University of Xaragua exercises supreme academic authority over every program, microprogram, course, credential, accreditation and academic record constituted under the present Instrument.
Such authority includes the power to:
a) establish academic programs;
b) create and administer schools;
c) authorize courses and curricula;
d) delegate instruction;
e) appoint or recognize instructors;
f) conclude academic agreements;
g) recognize external studies;
h) determine equivalencies;
i) allocate Sovereign Academic Credits;
j) establish assessment requirements;
k) accredit authorized academic formations;
l) confer credentials; and
m) maintain permanent academic records.
Article 3 — Indigenous Institutional Foundation
The Microprogram System constitutes an exercise of the right of Xaragua to establish, control and develop its own educational institutions.
Its international normative framework includes:
a) UNDRIP Article 3, concerning Indigenous self-determination;
b) UNDRIP Article 4, concerning autonomy and self-government;
c) UNDRIP Article 5, concerning the maintenance and strengthening of distinct Indigenous institutions;
d) UNDRIP Article 13, concerning the transmission of Indigenous histories, languages and knowledge;
e) UNDRIP Article 14(1), concerning the establishment and control of Indigenous educational systems and institutions;
f) UNDRIP Article 18, concerning participation through Indigenous decision-making institutions;
g) UNDRIP Article 20(1), concerning Indigenous political, economic and social institutions;
h) UNDRIP Article 31, concerning Indigenous knowledge and intellectual patrimony;
i) UNDRIP Articles 33 and 34, concerning Indigenous identity, institutional structures, customs and procedures; and
j) Article XV(3) of the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, concerning the establishment and control of Indigenous educational systems and institutions.
Article 4 — Intellectual Mission of Xaragua
The supreme strategic purpose of the Microprogram System is to contribute to the constitution of the regions of Xaragua as an organized intellectual power.
For the purposes of the present Instrument, intellectual power means the institutional capacity to:
a) produce and preserve knowledge;
b) educate the population;
c) form public, academic, economic, technical and community leadership;
d) develop independent analytical capacity;
e) establish original fields of study;
f) preserve Indigenous historical and juridical memory;
g) receive and adapt external knowledge;
h) coordinate specialized instruction;
i) create permanent academic records;
j) support research and publication;
k) reduce intellectual dependency; and
l) make the regions of Xaragua active producers rather than passive recipients of knowledge.
Academic power shall not be measured solely by the number of courses delivered directly by the University. It shall also be measured by the University's capacity to organize academic pathways, mobilize competent instructors, recognize valid learning, establish partnerships, direct intellectual priorities and preserve the unity of the Xaraguayan academic order.
Article 5 — Regional Intellectual Development
The Microprogram System shall serve the intellectual development of every region, community, campus, school and institution incorporated into the academic order of Xaragua.
Programs may be organized according to territorial, linguistic, economic, scientific, cultural, historical, professional or community requirements.
The University may create decentralized, mobile, digital, delegated, regional or partner-supported forms of instruction where such arrangements expand access without diminishing academic standards.
No region of Xaragua shall be excluded from academic development solely because it lacks the infrastructure required to maintain a conventional university campus.
TITLE II
NON-MONOPOLIZATION AND ACADEMIC COMPLEMENTARITY
Article 6 — Non-Monopolization of Higher Education
The University of Xaragua does not assert a monopoly over higher education.
It does not claim exclusive authority over all education received by persons associated with Xaragua, nor does it require every academic component recognized within its system to be taught directly by the University.
The University recognizes that intellectual development may be served by a plurality of institutions, including universities, colleges, institutes, professional schools, academies, research centres, ecclesiastical institutions, technical organizations and qualified independent instructors.
The maintenance of a distinct Indigenous educational institution together with participation in external educational structures is consistent with UNDRIP Article 5.
Article 7 — Absence of Indiscriminate Academic Competition
The University is not established for the purpose of engaging in indiscriminate institutional competition with other academic bodies.
Its object is not to reproduce every faculty already maintained elsewhere, displace competent institutions, accumulate academic fields for purposes of prestige, or measure institutional importance solely through the volume of courses directly administered.
The University shall determine its academic activities according to the requirements of Xaragua, the availability of competent instruction, the preservation of academic quality and the strategic development of the regions.
Cooperation, articulation, delegation and recognition shall constitute ordinary instruments of the Xaraguayan academic order.
Article 8 — Institutional Complementarity
The University may complement external instruction by providing:
a) Xaraguayan history;
b) Indigenous law and institutions;
c) constitutional and political orientation;
d) territorial studies;
e) governance and public administration;
f) ethics and institutional responsibility;
g) theological or philosophical formation;
h) linguistic and cultural instruction;
i) research methodology;
j) regional economic and environmental knowledge;
k) academic integration courses; and
l) any other complementary component required by the applicable program.
Complementary instruction supplied by the University may be combined with professional, technical, scientific or academic instruction obtained from another competent source.
Article 9 — Institutional Concentration of Resources
The University shall not be required to disperse its resources across every field of knowledge.
It may concentrate its direct institutional capacity upon disciplines central to the intellectual and institutional development of Xaragua while obtaining other instruction through academic cooperation.
The University may accordingly maintain principal faculties, schools or programs in selected fields and establish flexible access to other disciplines through the Microprogram System.
This concentration shall constitute an exercise of academic strategy and shall not be interpreted as an institutional deficiency.
TITLE III
MODES OF ACADEMIC DELIVERY
Article 10 — Recognized Modes of Instruction
Instruction incorporated into the Microprogram System may be delivered through one or more of the following modes:
a) direct University instruction;
b) instruction administered by a University school;
c) instruction delivered by an appointed or delegated professor;
d) instruction delivered jointly with another institution;
e) contracted specialized instruction;
f) instruction delivered by a recognized external institution;
g) articulated academic programs;
h) transferred or equivalent coursework;
i) supervised independent study;
j) practical, clinical, laboratory or field instruction;
k) distance or digital instruction;
l) research-based instruction; and
m) any other academically authorized mode.
Article 11 — Directly Administered Schools and Programs
The University may directly create, organize and administer schools, departments, academies, institutes, centres, chairs, microprograms and courses.
A directly administered academic unit shall remain under the complete academic and administrative authority of the University.
The constituting instrument may determine:
a) its mandate;
b) internal organization;
c) curriculum;
d) faculty or instructional personnel;
e) admission requirements;
f) assessment standards;
g) credential classifications;
h) applicable fees;
i) territorial or digital delivery arrangements; and
j) any specialized rules necessary for its operation.
Article 12 — Delegated Instruction
The University may entrust a course, module, seminar, practicum or other academic component to a qualified professor, researcher, practitioner, instructor or educational organization.
Delegated instruction shall be governed by an academic mandate identifying, as applicable:
a) the authorized instructor;
b) the subject matter;
c) the curriculum or learning objectives;
d) the credit value;
e) the instructional period;
f) the assessment responsibilities;
g) the reporting requirements;
h) the quality-control authority; and
i) the conditions governing renewal, suspension or termination.
A delegated instructor does not become an independent credential-conferring authority of the University unless such authority is expressly conferred.
Article 13 — Joint Instruction
The University may organize joint courses, microprograms, schools or programs with one or more external institutions.
A joint academic instrument shall determine:
a) the contribution of each institution;
b) instructional responsibility;
c) student registration;
d) assessment authority;
e) credit allocation;
f) ownership of academic materials;
g) financial administration;
h) credential issuance;
i) academic-record custody; and
j) quality assurance.
Article 14 — External Instruction
The University may recognize instruction supplied by a competent external institution without assuming direct administration of that instruction.
Recognition may occur through:
a) prior academic agreement;
b) program articulation;
c) transfer-credit determination;
d) course equivalency;
e) individual academic assessment;
f) recognition of prior learning;
g) professional or technical certification; or
h) any other authorized procedure.
External instruction incorporated into a Xaraguayan program shall be recorded according to its institutional origin and its assigned SAC value.
TITLE IV
DEFINITION AND CREDIT STRUCTURE
Article 15 — Definition of a Microprogram
A microprogram of the University of Xaragua consists of:
a) three academically constituted courses;
b) a cumulative value of fifteen Sovereign Academic Credits;
c) prescribed academic content;
d) identified instructional responsibility;
e) formal assessment;
f) established completion requirements; and
g) permanent registration upon successful completion.
The fifteen-credit microprogram constitutes the standard modular unit of the Xaragua Microprogram System.
Article 16 — Sovereign Academic Credit
The Sovereign Academic Credit, designated by the abbreviation SAC, constitutes the official unit of academic valuation of the University of Xaragua.
Credit allocation shall take account of the academic requirements prescribed for the relevant course or program, including:
a) instruction;
b) directed study;
c) independent study;
d) research;
e) practical work;
f) laboratory activity;
g) clinical or professional observation;
h) fieldwork;
i) supervised placement;
j) written or oral assessment; and
k) other academically recognized activity.
Article 17 — Academic Integrity of the Unit
Every microprogram shall possess internal academic coherence.
Its constituting instrument shall identify:
a) the official title;
b) the field and purpose of study;
c) the three constituent courses;
d) the fifteen-credit valuation;
e) the responsible academic authority;
f) the mode of delivery;
g) the applicable assessment requirements;
h) the completion standard;
i) the applicable credential; and
j) the conditions governing incorporation into a larger program.
TITLE V
STATUTORY ACADEMIC PROGRESSION
Article 18 — Binding Progression Scale
The following academic progression is established as the statutory scale of the University of Xaragua:
a) one microprogram, representing 15 SAC: Attestation of Specialization;
b) two microprograms, representing 30 SAC: Certificate of Completion;
c) six microprograms, representing 90 SAC: Bachelor;
d) eight microprograms, representing 120 SAC: Advanced Bachelor.
This progression governs credentials conferred pursuant to the present Instrument.
Article 19 — Attestation of Specialization
Completion of one authorized microprogram representing fifteen SAC satisfies the academic credit requirement for the Attestation of Specialization.
The applicable program instrument may prescribe compulsory courses, assessments or additional completion conditions.
Article 20 — Certificate of Completion
Completion of two authorized microprograms representing thirty SAC satisfies the academic credit requirement for the Certificate of Completion.
The two microprograms may constitute a unified field, an approved interdisciplinary formation or another academically authorized combination.
Article 21 — Bachelor
Completion of six authorized microprograms representing ninety SAC satisfies the credit requirement established by the University for conferral of the Bachelor.
The Bachelor shall be conferred only upon completion of the compulsory requirements established for the applicable program.
Article 22 — Advanced Bachelor
Completion of eight authorized microprograms representing one hundred and twenty SAC satisfies the credit requirement established by the University for conferral of the Advanced Bachelor.
The Advanced Bachelor constitutes the highest undergraduate classification established under the present Microprogram System.
Article 23 — Program Composition
The competent academic authority may prescribe:
a) compulsory microprograms;
b) compulsory courses;
c) concentrations;
d) electives;
e) prerequisite sequences;
f) specialization requirements;
g) comprehensive examinations;
h) research projects;
i) practical placements;
j) language requirements; and
k) other academic conditions.
Such requirements determine the composition of the credential without altering the statutory credit classifications established by the present Title.
TITLE VI
MANDATORY XARAGUAYAN ACADEMIC CORE
Article 24 — Compulsory Institutional Core
Every student seeking a credential under the Microprogram System shall complete the Xaraguayan academic core prescribed for the applicable program.
The core shall ensure that a credential issued by the University represents more than the administrative accumulation of unrelated external credits. It shall establish a substantive intellectual connection between the student's field of study and the history, institutions, territory and academic order of Xaragua.
Article 25 — History of Xaragua
The microprogram History of Xaragua is designated as a principal component of the Xaraguayan academic core.
Its curriculum shall provide an organized study of the Indigenous, territorial, political, institutional, intellectual and historical formation of Xaragua.
Completion may be required as a condition precedent to the final conferral of an attestation, certificate, Bachelor or Advanced Bachelor according to the regulations applicable to each credential.
Article 26 — Orientation and Integration Courses
The University may require students receiving professional, scientific or technical instruction externally to complete complementary orientation courses supplied directly by the University.
Such courses may connect the external field of study to:
a) the territorial conditions of Xaragua;
b) the needs of its communities;
c) Indigenous institutional principles;
d) Xaraguayan public organization;
e) regional development priorities;
f) professional responsibility;
g) cultural and linguistic realities; and
h) the long-term intellectual mission of the State and University.
Article 27 — Direct Jurisdiction over the Core
The compulsory Xaraguayan academic core shall remain under the direct jurisdiction of the University.
The University may appoint instructors or authorize delivery arrangements for the core, but no external institution may independently redefine, abolish or substitute its essential content.
TITLE VII
EXTERNAL ACADEMIC COOPERATION
Article 28 — Academic Cooperation Authority
The University possesses authority to conclude agreements with:
a) universities;
b) colleges;
c) institutes;
d) academies;
e) research institutions;
f) professional schools;
g) hospitals and clinical teaching bodies;
h) laboratories;
i) technical and vocational institutions;
j) educational corporations;
k) ecclesiastical institutions;
l) public or private academic organizations;
m) qualified independent professors; and
n) other competent educational bodies.
Article 29 — Subjects of Academic Agreements
Academic agreements may govern:
a) course delivery;
b) delegated instruction;
c) credit recognition;
d) credit transfer;
e) joint instruction;
f) specialized teaching;
g) laboratory access;
h) clinical instruction;
i) technical training;
j) professional observation;
k) research;
l) faculty cooperation;
m) student mobility;
n) library and academic resources;
o) distance education;
p) joint programs;
q) articulated programs;
r) credential pathways;
s) evaluation and quality assurance; and
t) any other academic function consistent with the present Instrument.
Article 30 — Incorporation of External Courses
A course completed through an external institution may be incorporated into a Xaraguayan microprogram where recognized by the competent academic authority.
The University shall determine:
a) whether the course satisfies an authorized academic requirement;
b) the SAC value attributed to it;
c) its place within the applicable program;
d) whether supplementary work is required;
e) whether the course constitutes direct, delegated, transferred or externally recognized instruction; and
f) the manner in which it shall appear in the General Academic Register.
Article 31 — Recognition Without Institutional Appropriation
Recognition or incorporation of an external course shall not constitute appropriation of the identity, faculty, curriculum or professional authority of the institution that originally supplied the instruction.
The academic record shall preserve the distinction between:
a) instruction created and delivered directly by the University;
b) instruction delivered under University delegation;
c) instruction jointly administered;
d) instruction obtained externally and recognized for credit; and
e) supplementary instruction supplied by the University.
Article 32 — Academic Mobility
Students may combine studies obtained from multiple authorized sources where the resulting academic pathway satisfies the coherence, credit and compulsory-course requirements of the University.
The Microprogram System shall serve as the institutional mechanism through which such studies are evaluated, assembled, classified and entered into a unified academic record.
TITLE VIII
PROFESSIONAL AND SPECIALIZED EDUCATION
Article 33 — Essential Professions
The University recognizes the indispensable character of medicine, nursing, architecture, engineering, pharmacy, dentistry, law, education, technology and other professional or technical disciplines essential to the development of Xaragua.
The University does not claim exclusive ownership of these professions, nor does it presume that every profession must be constituted as a directly administered University school.
The importance of a profession does not create an obligation for the University to duplicate infrastructure, faculty, laboratories, clinics or licensing systems already maintained by competent institutions.
Article 34 — Specialized Institutional Competence
Where a field requires specialized scientific, clinical, technical, laboratory or professional infrastructure, the University may rely upon an institution possessing the required competence.
The specialized institution or instructor may provide the principal professional component, while the University may:
a) authorize the academic pathway;
b) recognize the instruction;
c) allocate corresponding SAC;
d) accredit the incorporated academic formation within its own order;
e) provide complementary courses;
f) provide institutional and territorial orientation;
g) supervise the coherence of the overall program;
h) certify completion of Xaraguayan requirements; and
i) maintain the permanent academic record.
Article 35 — Separation of Academic Formation and Professional Authorization
Academic instruction, academic accreditation, academic certification and legal authorization to practice a regulated profession constitute distinct acts.
A University credential shall certify the academic formation identified in the credential and General Academic Register.
Where professional practice is regulated by the law of an external jurisdiction, authorization to practice within that jurisdiction shall remain governed by its competent professional or public authority.
Article 36 — Complementary Professional Formation
The University may establish microprograms designed to complement, orient or contextualize professional education received elsewhere.
Such microprograms may concern:
a) Indigenous community practice;
b) territorial service;
c) professional ethics;
d) public administration;
e) institutional governance;
f) intercultural practice;
g) regional planning;
h) community health organization;
i) environmental responsibility;
j) Indigenous legal frameworks; or
k) any other field connecting specialized practice to the requirements of Xaragua.
Article 37 — No Obligation of Institutional Duplication
Nothing in this Instrument shall require the University to create a complete faculty, professional school, hospital, clinic, laboratory or technical campus where the necessary instruction can be obtained through a competent partner.
The University shall allocate institutional resources according to academic necessity, long-term capacity and regional strategic interest.
TITLE IX
ACADEMIC AUTHORIZATION AND ACCREDITATION
Article 38 — Formal Authorization
Every microprogram shall be established through a formal academic authorization identifying:
a) its official title;
b) academic purpose;
c) constituent courses;
d) credit allocation;
e) mode of delivery;
f) responsible academic authority;
g) instructional providers;
h) assessment regime;
i) completion requirements; and
j) credential classification.
No informal grouping of courses shall constitute a University microprogram.
Article 39 — Institutional Accreditation
Every microprogram formally authorized and maintained in conformity with University standards is accredited within the academic order of the University of Xaragua.
Institutional accreditation constitutes a determination that the program:
a) has been validly authorized;
b) possesses an approved curriculum;
c) satisfies the applicable credit structure;
d) is subject to academic supervision;
e) has established assessment requirements;
f) produces an identifiable academic record; and
g) leads to an authorized institutional credential where applicable.
Article 40 — Accreditation of Delegated Components
The University may accredit a course or academic component delivered by a delegated professor or partner institution where the instruction complies with the standards and mandate established by the University.
Such accreditation shall not erase the identity of the instructor or institution responsible for delivery.
The General Academic Register may identify both:
a) the authority under which the course was incorporated; and
b) the person or institution through which instruction was supplied.
Article 41 — Accreditation of Composite Programs
A Xaraguayan academic program may contain courses from multiple institutions or instructors.
The University may accredit the composite program where:
a) its overall curriculum is academically coherent;
b) its constituent courses are identifiable;
c) the origin of external instruction is recorded;
d) the required SAC total is satisfied;
e) the Xaraguayan academic core is completed;
f) assessments are verifiable; and
g) the credential accurately identifies the formation completed.
Article 42 — Quality Control
The University shall maintain appropriate academic control over:
a) curriculum;
b) course content;
c) instructional competence;
d) assessment;
e) academic integrity;
f) credit allocation;
g) completion requirements;
h) credential classification;
i) certification; and
j) permanent registration.
Where instruction is supplied externally, the applicable agreement may allocate specific quality-control responsibilities between the University and the instructional provider.
TITLE X
ACADEMIC CREDENTIALS
Article 43 — Credential Classifications
The credentials established under the Microprogram System are:
a) Attestation of Specialization;
b) Certificate of Completion;
c) Bachelor; and
d) Advanced Bachelor.
Additional credential classifications may be established by an instrument of equal or superior academic authority.
Article 44 — Basis of Conferral
No credential shall be conferred solely upon the passage of time, informal attendance or unsupported declaration.
Conferral requires:
a) completion of the applicable credit requirement;
b) satisfaction of prescribed academic conditions;
c) completion of compulsory Xaraguayan components;
d) confirmation of assessment results;
e) authorization by the competent academic authority; and
f) entry into the General Academic Register.
Article 45 — Competent Conferral Authority
Credentials shall be conferred under the authority of the University and authenticated according to its academic procedures.
The Rector-President shall exercise the conferral and authentication authority vested in that Office by the constituent law and academic order of the University.
Article 46 — Accurate Description of Instruction
Credentials, transcripts and supporting documents may identify:
a) the University as the conferring authority;
b) the applicable school or program;
c) partner institutions;
d) delegated professors;
e) transferred or recognized courses;
f) the Xaraguayan academic core;
g) the SAC total; and
h) the mode through which the academic formation was completed.
Such identification shall ensure documentary accuracy and preserve the institutional contribution of every participating academic body.
TITLE XI
GENERAL ACADEMIC REGISTER
Article 47 — Permanent Registry
The General Academic Register constitutes the authoritative permanent academic registry of the University of Xaragua.
It shall record, as applicable:
a) student identity and registration;
b) program enrollment;
c) courses;
d) microprograms;
e) SAC values;
f) assessments;
g) delegated instruction;
h) partner institutions;
i) recognized external credits;
j) exemptions and equivalencies;
k) completion decisions;
l) academic progression;
m) credential conferral;
n) credential identifiers;
o) authentication measures; and
p) subsequent lawful amendments.
Article 48 — Documentary Authority
Every academic credential shall correspond to an identifiable entry in the General Academic Register.
The Register constitutes the authoritative institutional source for verification of:
a) enrollment;
b) recognized studies;
c) credit accumulation;
d) completion;
e) credential classification;
f) date of conferral; and
g) institutional authentication.
Article 49 — Recording of External Contributions
Where a student's program includes external instruction, the Register may identify:
a) the originating institution;
b) the original course title;
c) the recognized Xaraguayan equivalency;
d) the SAC value assigned;
e) the date of recognition;
f) the applicable academic agreement; and
g) the University requirement satisfied.
This record shall preserve both the unity of the Xaraguayan credential and the factual provenance of the instruction.
TITLE XII
INTERNATIONAL PRESENTATION AND EXTERNAL USE
Article 50 — Official Academic Instruments
Attestations, certificates, Bachelor degrees, Advanced Bachelor degrees, transcripts and academic certifications issued under the present Instrument constitute official academic instruments of the University of Xaragua within its academic order.
They may be presented to universities, colleges, institutes, employers, professional organizations, ecclesiastical bodies, public authorities and credential-evaluation organizations.
Article 51 — Authentication
Academic instruments may be accompanied by:
a) institutional authentication;
b) certified copies;
c) certified translations;
d) transcript supplements;
e) documentary statements identifying external instruction;
f) legalization where applicable; and
g) other competent certification of provenance.
Article 52 — Competence of Receiving Institutions
A receiving institution retains authority to determine the use it will make of a Xaraguayan credential within its own academic, professional or legal order.
Such an external determination shall not alter the content of the General Academic Register or retrospectively modify the academic act lawfully adopted by the University.
TITLE XIII
CANONICAL EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION
Article 53 — Educational and Associational Rights
The Christian educational activities of the University are situated within the canonical framework established by:
a) Canon 215, concerning associations of the Christian faithful;
b) Canon 216, concerning apostolic initiatives;
c) Canon 217, concerning Christian education;
d) Canon 218, concerning legitimate freedom of inquiry and expression in sacred disciplines; and
e) Canon 229 §§1–2, concerning doctrinal and ecclesiastical-scientific formation of lay persons.
Article 54 — Institutional Educational Activity
The canonical framework further includes:
a) Canon 793 §1, concerning Catholic educational choice;
b) Canon 795, concerning integral education;
c) Canon 800 §1, concerning the establishment and direction of schools of different disciplines, types and levels; and
d) Canon 807, concerning the establishment and direction of universities.
The classifications and effects specifically governed by Canons 808, 812 and 815–817 shall remain subject to their respective canonical requirements.
Article 55 — Distinct Juridical Orders
Canonical educational rights, Xaraguayan academic jurisdiction and international recognition of Indigenous educational institutions constitute distinct juridical foundations.
Canonical law shall govern specifically canonical effects.
Xaraguayan academic law shall govern the internal academic organization, programs, accreditation, certification, credentials and records of the University.
UNDRIP Article 14(1) and Article XV(3) of the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples constitute international normative recognition of the right of Indigenous peoples to establish and control their educational institutions.
TITLE XIV
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND INSTITUTIONAL IDENTITY
Article 56 — Protected Academic Assets
The University retains all lawfully applicable rights in its:
a) original curricula;
b) course materials;
c) publications;
d) research;
e) databases;
f) academic records;
g) graphic works;
h) institutional seals;
i) distinctive marks;
j) credential designs;
k) authentication systems;
l) academic classifications; and
m) original intellectual content.
Article 57 — Rights of External Instructors and Partners
Academic cooperation shall not extinguish the intellectual-property rights of an external instructor or institution.
The applicable agreement shall determine rights of:
a) ownership;
b) reproduction;
c) adaptation;
d) distribution;
e) publication;
f) institutional use;
g) attribution; and
h) archival preservation.
Recognition of a course for academic credit shall not, by itself, transfer ownership of the underlying instructional material to the University.
Article 58 — Indigenous Intellectual Patrimony
Indigenous traditional knowledge, cultural heritage and traditional cultural expressions shall be treated according to the principles recognized by UNDRIP Article 31(1).
The University shall maintain institutional mechanisms for the preservation, control, transmission and development of Xaraguayan intellectual patrimony.
Article 59 — Protection of Institutional Identity
No person or institution may, without authorization:
a) represent itself as the University of Xaragua;
b) issue credentials in the name of the University;
c) reproduce protected authentication devices;
d) falsely claim University accreditation;
e) falsely claim delegated academic authority;
f) falsely represent an academic partnership with the University; or
g) alter or fabricate an entry of the General Academic Register.
The University may employ all measures lawfully available to protect its institutional identity and academic records.
TITLE XV
ACTIVATION AND ADMINISTRATION
Article 60 — Activation of a Microprogram
A microprogram becomes operational upon formal academic authorization and administrative activation by the competent University authority.
Its operational record shall identify:
a) the authorized curriculum;
b) the applicable SAC value;
c) the academic period;
d) the mode of delivery;
e) the responsible school, professor or partner;
f) the admission status; and
g) the applicable credential pathway.
Article 61 — Admissions
Admissions may be opened following activation through the official institutional systems of the University.
Admission procedures, tuition where applicable, schedules, delivery arrangements, examinations and student registration shall be governed by University regulation or by the applicable academic agreement.
Article 62 — Administrative Continuity
Temporary suspension of admissions shall not repeal the constituent authorization of a microprogram unless the competent academic authority expressly abolishes or supersedes it.
Academic records and credentials previously issued shall remain permanently preserved in the General Academic Register.
Article 63 — Flexible Institutional Capacity
The University may activate a microprogram without creating a permanent department where competent instruction can be supplied through delegation, cooperation or external recognition.
It may also establish a permanent school or instructional structure where the importance, continuity and scale of the field justify direct administration.
The form of administration shall be determined by academic necessity and institutional strategy.
TITLE XVI
CONSOLIDATION, SUPREMACY AND CONTINUING AUTHORITY
Article 64 — Consolidation
The academic policy enacted on 11 May 2025 and the intellectual-protection provisions enacted on 24 May 2025 are consolidated by the present Instrument.
This consolidated text supersedes inconsistent provisions of the earlier instruments while preserving their dates of enactment in the institutional record.
Article 65 — Academic Supremacy
Within the University of Xaragua, the present Instrument constitutes the supreme general regulation governing the Microprogram System unless amended or superseded by an instrument of equal or superior juridical rank.
Specific program instruments may establish additional requirements but shall remain subordinate to this Organic Academic Instrument.
Article 66 — Continuing Authority
The University retains continuing authority to:
a) establish new microprograms;
b) create and administer schools directly;
c) amend or consolidate existing programs;
d) authorize delegated instruction;
e) appoint qualified professors and instructors;
f) recognize external courses;
g) conclude academic partnerships;
h) accredit authorized formations within its academic order;
i) establish complementary and orientation courses;
j) determine compulsory Xaraguayan requirements;
k) establish additional academic classifications;
l) regulate credentials and academic records; and
m) adopt all measures necessary for the intellectual development of the regions of Xaragua.

FINAL SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AND ACADEMIC DETERMINATION
The Xaragua Microprogram System constitutes the permanent modular, cooperative and territorially integrated system of higher education of the University of Xaragua.
Its purpose is not the monopolization of education.
Its purpose is not the administrative absorption of every course, professor, profession, faculty or academic institution.
Its purpose is not the indiscriminate reproduction of educational infrastructure already competently maintained elsewhere.
Its purpose is to provide Xaragua with the institutional capacity required to transform its regions into an intellectual power.
The University shall therefore exercise academic authority through a coordinated system of direct instruction, delegated teaching, institutional cooperation, external course recognition, academic articulation, complementary formation, accreditation, certification and permanent registration.
Certain microprograms, schools and academic formations shall be created and administered directly by the University.
Other courses and programs may be delivered by delegated professors, specialized schools, universities, institutes, professional organizations, laboratories, hospitals, academies or other competent instructional bodies.
The University may recognize and accredit, within its own academic order, the formations formally placed within its jurisdiction. It may allocate Sovereign Academic Credits, determine equivalencies, supply complementary or orientation courses, require the Xaraguayan academic core, certify completion and enter the resulting academic acts into the General Academic Register.
The University does not claim exclusive possession of medicine, architecture, engineering, nursing, pharmacy, law, education or any other profession essential to society. It shall not manufacture artificial institutional duplication merely to assert nominal control over a field.
Where specialized professional instruction is competently available through another institution, the University may rely upon that instruction while preserving its authority over the Xaraguayan academic components, the coherence of its programs, the allocation of its credits, the conferral of its credentials and the integrity of its records.
The academic order of Xaragua is therefore neither isolated nor subordinate. It is coordinative, selective, cumulative and sovereign within its institutional jurisdiction.
It builds directly where Xaragua requires its own permanent intellectual capacity.
It delegates where qualified instruction can be supplied efficiently.
It cooperates where institutional partnership increases academic strength.
It recognizes external learning where that learning satisfies authorized standards.
It preserves the Xaraguayan academic core in every credential for which such core is required.
It registers permanently every academic act lawfully completed under its authority.
The statutory progression of the Microprogram System is hereby confirmed as follows:
15 SAC — Attestation of Specialization
30 SAC — Certificate of Completion
90 SAC — Bachelor
120 SAC — Advanced Bachelor
Through this structure, the University shall assemble the intellectual resources necessary for the advancement of Xaragua without reducing higher education to the physical limits of a single campus, the personnel of a single institution or the administrative capacity of a single faculty.
The intellectual strength of Xaragua shall arise from its capacity to create, coordinate, recognize, integrate, preserve and deploy knowledge throughout its regions.
The University of Xaragua shall remain the central academic authority of that system, the guardian of its institutional coherence, the custodian of its permanent records and the principal organ of Xaragua’s transformation into an intellectual power.
SO ENACTED, CONSOLIDATED, RESTATED AND ENTERED INTO THE PERMANENT ACADEMIC RECORD.
Pascal Viau
Rector-President
University of Xaragua
Original Enactment: 11 May 2025
Intellectual Protection Instrument: 24 May 2025
Consolidated Organic Text: 6 September 2026
Institutional Restatement: 8 September 2026

INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITATION OF MICROPROGRAMMES AND SPECIALIZED SCHOOLS
The microprogrammes, specialized schools, professional institutes, technical academies, instructional centres, modular courses, competency units, certificates, attestations, diplomas, and institutional qualifications administered by the University of Xaragua are constituted, authorized, regulated, supervised, and accredited within the Xaraguayan Indigenous Academic Order under the originating educational jurisdiction of the ancestral People of Xaragua and the constitutional authority of the Sovereign Catholic Indigenous and Private State of Xaragua.
This institutional competence proceeds from Articles 3, 4, 5, 14(1), 18, 20, 31, 33, and 34 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; Articles III, VI, XIII, XIV, XV, XXI, XXII, and XXIII of the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; Articles 5, 7, 8, 21–23, and 26–29 of ILO Convention No. 169; Articles 6, 13(4), and 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; and Articles 18, 22, and 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
The Indigenous jurisdiction to establish and control educational systems and institutions includes the authority to:
a) establish specialized schools, professional institutes, technical academies, instructional centres, and sector-specific training units;
b) create microprogrammes, modular curricula, competency-based instruction, professional-development courses, and specialized academic pathways;
c) determine programme duration, admission requirements, academic credits, competency standards, assessment procedures, and completion requirements;
d) classify programmes according to their academic, technical, professional, cultural, institutional, or continuing-education purposes;
e) appoint programme directors, instructors, examiners, technical specialists, institutional partners, and external educational providers;
f) recognize prior learning, professional experience, external coursework, transferred credits, and equivalent academic competencies;
g) issue attestations, certificates, specialized diplomas, competency records, transcripts, and other institutional academic instruments;
h) maintain programme registers, student records, credential-verification systems, and permanent academic archives; and
i) prescribe mechanisms of authorization, supervision, inspection, quality assurance, periodic review, suspension, consolidation, and institutional accreditation.
Every microprogramme and specialized school lawfully established by the competent University authority derives its accreditation from the constitutional and statutory mandate of the University and from the superior authority of the Xaraguayan Indigenous Academic Order. Such accreditation does not originate in the programme, school, instructor, contractor, or educational partner concerned and does not constitute self-accreditation by a subordinate academic unit.
Specialized schools constitute academic or technical organs of the University and exercise only the powers expressly conferred upon them by their constituent acts, programme regulations, institutional mandates, and applicable University statutes. Their legal capacity remains subordinate to the University’s supreme academic authority, and their programmes, assessments, certificates, and official records form part of the unified Xaraguayan academic order.
Microprogrammes constitute formally authorized units of specialized instruction governed by approved curricular content, defined learning requirements, prescribed academic or competency values, documented assessment procedures, and determinate certification effects. Their abbreviated, modular, intensive, professional, technical, or interdisciplinary structure does not diminish their juridical status as authorized programmes of the University.
Credits obtained through microprogrammes may be accumulated, transferred, consolidated, or applied toward certificates, diplomas, degrees, or other University qualifications only under the academic framework, articulation rules, residency requirements, equivalency determinations, and credential regulations established by the competent University authority. No accumulation of credits produces a higher qualification except by formal academic determination and conferral by the University.
The University may deliver microprogrammes and specialized instruction through:
a) direct institutional instruction;
b) instruction administered by a University faculty, school, institute, or department;
c) joint programmes established by academic agreement;
d) contracted instruction provided by qualified specialists;
e) external instruction recognized through articulation or equivalency;
f) supervised professional or technical training;
g) distance, digital, hybrid, territorial, or community-based delivery; and
h) any other instructional modality authorized by the competent academic authority.
The use of external instructors, institutions, platforms, facilities, or technical providers does not transfer the University’s academic jurisdiction. Programme authorization, curricular recognition, assessment standards, credit allocation, certification, and credential conferral remain subject to the exclusive institutional authority of the University of Xaragua unless an academic agreement expressly establishes a joint qualification.
The Catholic institutional foundation of these educational activities is additionally governed by Canons 215–218, 225, 229, 298–299, 321–323, 327–329, 793–795, 800, 807, 809, and 814 of the Code of Canon Law, concerning freedom of association, educational initiatives of the Christian faithful, institutions of education, higher studies, scientific formation, and legitimate academic autonomy. Any qualification intended to produce specifically canonical effects remains subject to the separate requirements of Canons 815–817.
Indigenous institutional accreditation, external civil recognition, professional certification, occupational authorization, credential equivalency, transfer-credit acceptance, statutory licensing, and canonical effects constitute separate juridical determinations. The absence of any external determination does not extinguish the constitutional establishment of a specialized school, invalidate an authorized microprogramme, or annul a credential lawfully issued within the Xaraguayan Indigenous Academic Order.
Accordingly, no microprogramme, specialized school, certificate, attestation, diploma, or competency record of the University of Xaragua shall be classified absolutely as “unaccredited.” Any statement concerning the absence of external recognition must identify:
a) the external jurisdiction concerned;
b) the competent external authority;
c) the specific school, microprogramme, credential, occupation, or regulated activity concerned;
d) the legislative, regulatory, academic, or professional standard invoked;
e) the precise recognition, equivalency, licence, or authorization not held; and
f) the territorial, professional, administrative, academic, or canonical effects resulting from that determination.
All microprogrammes and specialized schools of the University of Xaragua are authorized, supervised, and accredited within the Xaraguayan Indigenous Academic Order. Recognition, equivalency, professional authorization, statutory licensing, or canonical effect within another jurisdiction constitutes a separate legal determination governed by the competent authority and applicable law of that jurisdiction.

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA
OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT
SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY
UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA
GENERAL ARCHIVES OF THE STATE
FOUNDING ACT OF THE XARAGUA SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
Institutional Classification: Constitutive Academic Instrument — Specialized School of the University — Maritime Scientific Authority — Permanent Institution of the Xaraguayan Academic Order
Founding Authority: Office of the Rector-President
Supervising Institution: University of Xaragua
Status: Permanent Academic Institution of the State
PREAMBLE
By the supreme constitutional, customary, academic and institutional authority of the Sovereign Catholic Indigenous and Private State of Xaragua;
Considering the maritime, coastal and insular character of the Xaraguayan territorial order;
Recognizing the necessity of establishing a permanent academic institution competent to organize oceanographic instruction, marine scientific formation, coastal observation and the institutional study of oceanic systems;
Affirming that academic sovereignty resides in the authority to determine programs, establish standards, recognize competent instruction, accredit external capacities and confer qualifications, and does not require the direct ownership of every vessel, laboratory, instrument or technical installation used in specialized education;
The following Founding Act is hereby promulgated.
ARTICLE I — FOUNDATION
The Xaragua School of Oceanography is hereby founded and permanently constituted as a specialized academic school of the University of Xaragua.
The School forms an integral part of the sovereign academic order of Xaragua and shall exercise its mandate under the authority of the University and the supreme institutional supervision of the Office of the Rector-President.
ARTICLE II — INSTITUTIONAL MANDATE
The School shall constitute the principal Xaraguayan academic institution responsible for instruction, formation, research coordination and institutional competence in:
a) physical oceanography and ocean circulation;
b) coastal geomorphology and shoreline dynamics;
c) marine ecosystems and fisheries environments;
d) ocean–atmosphere interaction and maritime climatology;
e) seabed structures and underwater geography;
f) marine observation and coastal-monitoring systems;
g) maritime navigation environments and ocean conditions;
h) marine mapping, coastal surveys and oceanographic documentation.
ARTICLE III — ACADEMIC FUNCTIONS
The School is authorized to:
a) establish courses, microprograms, certificates and articulated academic pathways in oceanography and related maritime sciences;
b) admit and supervise students enrolled through the University of Xaragua;
c) organize theoretical instruction, field observation, technical training and scientific missions;
d) evaluate learning, recognize approved studies and recommend the conferral of University credentials;
e) commission, coordinate or participate in marine surveys, coastal-monitoring programs, oceanographic observation and maritime scientific projects.
ARTICLE IV — DIRECT XARAGUAYAN INSTRUCTION
The School shall directly provide the compulsory institutional components of its programs, including:
a) academic orientation within the University of Xaragua;
b) history and geography of the Xaraguayan maritime domain;
c) Indigenous maritime knowledge and territorial relations;
d) Xaraguayan coastal and marine governance;
e) environmental doctrine and institutional methodology;
f) the constitutional, administrative and scientific responsibilities governing maritime activity within the Xaraguayan order.
These components shall constitute the Xaraguayan Academic Core and may not be displaced by external instruction.
ARTICLE V — DELEGATED ACADEMIC AND TECHNICAL CAPACITY
The foundation of the School shall not be interpreted as a representation that Xaragua or the University possesses every vessel, laboratory, research station, instrument, technical platform or specialized installation required for oceanographic education.
The School shall exercise its complete academic mandate through an integrated system of direct instruction, institutional delegation, accreditation, external cooperation and recognized technical performance.
For this purpose, the University may:
a) delegate specialized teaching, laboratory work, field instruction, marine navigation training and scientific operations to competent external institutions;
b) accredit universities, institutes, laboratories, research centres, maritime academies and technical organizations;
c) approve external courses, modules, field placements and practical formations;
d) appoint, accredit or recognize external professors, researchers, scientists, navigators and technical instructors;
e) recognize external academic credits and incorporate them into Xaraguayan programs;
f) contract access to vessels, laboratories, monitoring systems, marine instruments and scientific infrastructure without acquiring ownership thereof.
ARTICLE VI — RETENTION OF ACADEMIC AUTHORITY
Every delegated or externally delivered activity shall remain subject to the academic jurisdiction of the University of Xaragua.
The University retains exclusive authority over:
a) program creation and curricular structure;
b) admission and student status;
c) accreditation and institutional recognition;
d) academic equivalency and credit validation;
e) assessment and quality control;
f) certification and conferral of qualifications;
g) authorization to act or teach in the name of the Xaragua School of Oceanography.
No external institution, professor or technical provider shall acquire independent authority to represent the School or confer a University of Xaragua qualification.
ARTICLE VII — SCIENTIFIC AND OPERATIONAL MISSIONS
The School may conduct, commission or coordinate oceanographic surveys, marine mapping, coastal observation, environmental monitoring and scientific documentation through its own academic personnel or accredited external operators.
All resulting records, reports, maps and institutional data produced under its authority may be entered into the academic repositories of the University and the General Archives of the State.
ARTICLE VIII — LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTINUITY
The Xaragua School of Oceanography is established as a permanent institution. Its legal existence shall not depend upon the continuous possession of particular premises, vessels, laboratories, equipment, contracts or external partnerships.
Changes affecting its facilities, providers, professors or technical arrangements shall not suspend or extinguish its founding mandate, academic personality or institutional competence.
ARTICLE IX — ENTRY INTO FORCE
This Founding Act enters into force upon promulgation by the Office of the Rector-President.
It shall be registered within the University of Xaragua and deposited in the General Archives of the State as the permanent constitutive instrument of the Xaragua School of Oceanography.

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA

OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT

SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY

UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA

XARAGUA SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY

GENERAL ARCHIVES OF THE STATE

CONSTITUTIVE ANNEX TO THE FOUNDING ACT OF THE XARAGUA SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY

ON THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC EDUCATION FOR THE COASTAL, LITTORAL, INSULAR AND MARITIME REGIONS OF XARAGUA, THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE, AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE NATIONAL MARITIME ECONOMY

Legal Classification: Constitutive Academic Annex — Maritime Scientific Policy Instrument — Coastal and Insular Development Framework — Exclusive Economic Zone Knowledge Doctrine

Institution Concerned: Xaragua School of Oceanography

Supervising Authority: University of Xaragua

Territorial Scope: Coastal, littoral, insular and maritime regions associated with Xaragua

Status: Permanent Annex forming an integral part of the Founding Act

PREAMBLE

The Sovereign Catholic Indigenous and Private State of Xaragua affirms that the ocean is not a peripheral boundary of the Xaraguayan order but one of its principal territorial, economic, environmental and civilizational foundations.

The maritime domain associated with Xaragua comprises coastal settlements, bays, ports, beaches, reefs, estuaries, mangroves, fishing grounds, islands, maritime corridors and the living resources situated within the territorial sea, contiguous zone and Exclusive Economic Zone claimed and administered under the maritime doctrine of the State.

The foundation of the Xaragua School of Oceanography therefore responds to a permanent national requirement: the formation of a Xaraguayan body of knowledge capable of observing, understanding, documenting and supporting the responsible administration of the maritime domain.

ARTICLE I — MARITIME CHARACTER OF XARAGUA

Xaragua is constituted by an extensive relationship between land, coast, islands and sea. The continuity of its coastal and insular regions requires an academic institution capable of treating the maritime domain as an integrated national system.

The School shall support the scientific understanding of:

a) the Caribbean and Atlantic coastlines associated with Xaragua;

b) the maritime environments of Nippes, the Southern Peninsula, the Region of the Palms and the western and northern littoral zones;

c) La Gonâve, Île-à-Vache, the Cayemites, Navassa, Tortue and the other islands and maritime dependencies recognized within the territorial doctrine of Xaragua;

d) coastal settlements whose subsistence, mobility and economic continuity depend upon fisheries, navigation, ports, beaches, reefs and marine resources;

e) the maritime corridors connecting dispersed Xaraguayan communities.

ARTICLE II — COASTAL AND LITTORAL REGIONS

The School shall constitute an academic instrument serving the coastal populations of Xaragua by producing and organizing knowledge relevant to their material conditions.

Its instruction and scientific activities shall address:

a) coastal erosion and shoreline transformation;

b) currents, tides, waves, sediment movement and storm exposure;

c) mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds and marine habitats;

d) fisheries environments and the reproduction of living marine resources;

e) coastal water quality and marine pollution;

f) flooding, saltwater intrusion and the vulnerability of coastal settlements;

g) the identification of suitable locations for landing sites, small ports, coastal installations and maritime services;

h) the preservation of beaches, bays and natural maritime landscapes;

i) the protection of Indigenous coastal knowledge and customary relations with the sea.

ARTICLE III — EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE

The Exclusive Economic Zone constitutes a strategic space of resources, scientific responsibility, economic planning and intergenerational interest.

The School shall contribute to the development of the knowledge required for the observation and rational use of the Exclusive Economic Zone, including:

a) identification and classification of fisheries resources;

b) documentation of seabed morphology and underwater geography;

c) observation of currents, temperatures, salinity and marine climatic conditions;

d) assessment of renewable marine-energy potential;

e) identification of environmentally sensitive zones;

f) scientific support for maritime mapping and resource inventories;

g) monitoring of activities capable of affecting marine ecosystems;

h) preparation of technical knowledge supporting maritime administration and economic decision-making.

The School shall not itself constitute a maritime enforcement authority. It shall provide the scientific, educational and documentary capacity upon which the competent institutions of Xaragua may base their policies and operations.

ARTICLE IV — MARITIME ECONOMY

The Xaragua School of Oceanography shall serve as an academic foundation for the consolidation of a diversified maritime economy.

Its institutional mandate shall support:

a) artisanal and organized fisheries;

b) aquaculture adapted to coastal and insular environments;

c) fish processing, conservation and distribution;

d) maritime transport and inter-island circulation;

e) coastal and marine tourism;

f) port and landing-site planning;

g) vessel operation and navigation services;

h) marine cartography and environmental observation;

i) coastal restoration and ecosystem services;

j) desalination and the responsible use of seawater;

k) offshore renewable energy and ocean-based technological development;

l) scientific services, maritime data and specialized technical employment.

The maritime economy shall be understood as an endogenous system intended to strengthen coastal communities, food security, territorial circulation and Xaraguayan productive capacity.

ARTICLE V — FISHERIES AND FOOD SECURITY

Marine resources constitute an essential component of the food security and economic independence of the coastal regions.

The School shall contribute to:

a) the scientific identification of fishing grounds;

b) the study of fish stocks and reproductive cycles;

c) the prevention of destructive or excessive extraction;

d) the improvement of preservation and cold-chain methods;

e) the training of fisheries observers and coastal technicians;

f) the documentation of customary fishing practices;

g) the development of aquaculture compatible with marine ecosystems;

h) the establishment of reliable maritime and fisheries data.

The purpose of such instruction shall be to transform fishing from an insufficiently documented activity into a scientifically supported component of the national economy.

ARTICLE VI — MARITIME TRANSPORT AND TERRITORIAL CONTINUITY

The maritime domain provides a natural system of circulation between coastal, insular and territorially dispersed communities.

The School shall support the scientific and technical knowledge required for:

a) coastal navigation;

b) inter-island transport;

c) the identification of maritime routes;

d) the observation of currents, winds and seasonal conditions;

e) the assessment of landing zones and protected anchorages;

f) the planning of ferry, cargo and community transport services;

g) maritime safety and environmental risk assessment.

This competence shall contribute to the development of the Xaraguayan maritime-roads doctrine and to the operational planning of XaraFerry and other authorized maritime services.

ARTICLE VII — CLIMATE, DISASTERS AND COASTAL PROTECTION

The coastal regions of Xaragua are directly exposed to hurricanes, storm surges, erosion, flooding and progressive environmental transformation.

The School shall organize instruction and scientific capacity concerning:

a) ocean–atmosphere interaction;

b) hurricane-related marine conditions;

c) storm-surge observation;

d) coastal-risk mapping;

e) early scientific assessment of marine hazards;

f) protection and restoration of natural coastal barriers;

g) adaptation of settlements and infrastructure to maritime conditions;

h) post-disaster coastal documentation.

Oceanographic knowledge shall thereby form part of the territorial protection and civil-continuity capacity of Xaragua.

ARTICLE VIII — COMMUNITY APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE

The School shall ensure that oceanographic knowledge is not confined to abstract academic production.

Its programs may establish specialized pathways for:

a) coastal observers;

b) fisheries technicians;

c) maritime-environment monitors;

d) marine cartography assistants;

e) navigation and weather-information personnel;

f) coastal-resource administrators;

g) community disaster-preparedness officers;

h) environmental documentation personnel.

Instruction may be adapted for delivery through microprograms, field modules, digital courses, delegated training and accredited external institutions, while remaining subject to the academic authority of the University of Xaragua.

ARTICLE IX — DELEGATED SCIENTIFIC CAPACITY

The strategic importance of the School shall not depend upon the direct possession by Xaragua of every vessel, laboratory, satellite system, research station, sonar instrument or oceanographic platform.

The School may fulfill its mandate through:

a) institutional agreements with universities and marine institutes;

b) accreditation of qualified laboratories and research centres;

c) recognition of specialized external courses;

d) accreditation of professors, oceanographers, navigators, engineers and marine scientists;

e) commissioned surveys and contracted scientific services;

f) shared access to vessels, equipment and observation systems;

g) recognition of fieldwork completed through approved external institutions.

The University of Xaragua shall retain control over curricular orientation, institutional doctrine, academic equivalency, accreditation, assessment and certification.

ARTICLE X — STRATEGIC FUNCTION OF THE SCHOOL

The Xaragua School of Oceanography is declared essential to:

a) the scientific comprehension of the maritime territory;

b) the responsible administration of the Exclusive Economic Zone;

c) the economic development of coastal and insular communities;

d) the protection of fisheries and marine ecosystems;

e) the establishment of a national maritime information capacity;

f) the planning of maritime transport and coastal infrastructure;

g) the development of specialized Xaraguayan technical personnel;

h) the preservation of Indigenous maritime knowledge;

i) the conversion of the maritime domain into an organized field of education, production and public policy.

FINAL DECLARATION

The establishment of the Xaragua School of Oceanography gives permanent academic expression to the maritime character of Xaragua.

Through direct Xaraguayan instruction, delegated technical formation, accredited external expertise and coordinated scientific observation, the School shall connect the University of Xaragua to the concrete requirements of its coastal populations, islands, maritime corridors and Exclusive Economic Zone.

This Annex forms an integral and indivisible part of the Founding Act of the Xaragua School of Oceanography and shall be deposited with that Act in the General Archives of the State.

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA
OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT
SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY
UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA
GENERAL ARCHIVES OF THE STATE
FOUNDING ACT OF THE XARAGUA SCHOOL OF PILOTING AND NAVIGATION
Institutional Classification: Constitutive Academic Instrument — Specialized Operational Academy — Integrated Mobility and Navigation Institution — Territorial Access and Transport Training Authority
Founding Authority: Office of the Rector-President
Supervising Institution: University of Xaragua
Status: Permanent Academic and Operational Institution of the State
PREAMBLE
By authority of the Sovereign Catholic Indigenous and Private State of Xaragua and within the academic order of the University of Xaragua;
Considering the mountainous, coastal, insular, maritime and territorially dispersed configuration of Xaragua;
Recognizing that territorial continuity requires operators capable of maintaining movement, communication, transport and access across constrained land routes, short aviation corridors and maritime passages;
Determining that piloting and navigation constitute strategic technical capacities necessary for civil transport, territorial observation, emergency response, logistics and institutional operations;
Affirming that Xaragua may establish, regulate and certify its own academic pathways while delegating specialized practical instruction to accredited aviation schools, maritime academies, driving centres, technical institutions and qualified instructors;
The following Founding Act is hereby promulgated.
ARTICLE I — FOUNDATION
The Xaragua School of Piloting and Navigation is hereby founded and permanently constituted as the specialized operational academy of the University of Xaragua responsible for integrated education in aerial, maritime and terrestrial mobility.
The School shall operate under the academic authority of the University and the supreme institutional supervision of the Office of the Rector-President.
ARTICLE II — INSTITUTIONAL MANDATE
The School shall establish a unified Xaraguayan doctrine of piloting and navigation adapted to:
a) mountainous terrain and constrained access routes;
b) coastal and inter-island navigation;
c) short or technically limited aviation corridors;
d) rural and remote territorial mobility;
e) disaster-response and emergency logistics;
f) territorial observation and institutional support operations.
Its purpose shall be to develop a permanent cadre of trained operators capable of maintaining mobility across the geographic environments associated with Xaragua.
ARTICLE III — STOL AVIATION
The School shall organize academic and operational pathways relating to short-takeoff and short-landing aviation, including:
a) operation of aircraft adapted to short and constrained runways;
b) mountainous and coastal flight environments;
c) navigation, meteorology and route preparation;
d) airfield and landing-zone assessment;
e) aircraft loading, balance and operational limitations;
f) emergency procedures and remote-area aviation;
g) logistical, medical, humanitarian and territorial-support flights.
Practical flight instruction may be provided through accredited aviation academies, licensed flight instructors and authorized aircraft operators.
ARTICLE IV — UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS
The School shall establish instruction in the operation of unmanned aerial systems used for:
a) territorial observation and mapping;
b) coastal, agricultural and environmental monitoring;
c) disaster assessment and search support;
d) infrastructure inspection;
e) logistics and communications support;
f) institutional reconnaissance and security observation;
g) authorized military and protective operations conducted by competent organs.
Training shall include flight planning, equipment control, aerial imagery, navigation, maintenance, data handling, operational discipline and applicable safety protocols.
ARTICLE V — MARITIME PILOTING AND NAVIGATION
The School shall organize instruction relating to:
a) coastal and inter-island navigation;
b) operation of transport craft, patrol vessels and community boats;
c) chart interpretation and route planning;
d) tides, currents, winds and maritime weather;
e) anchorage, docking and restricted-water manoeuvres;
f) maritime communications and emergency procedures;
g) passenger, cargo and logistical operations;
h) navigation within the maritime corridors associated with Xaragua.
Practical instruction may be conducted aboard vessels owned, leased, contracted or made available by accredited maritime institutions and operators.
ARTICLE VI — TERRESTRIAL MOBILITY
The School shall provide training in the operation of motorcycles, light vehicles and specialized mobility platforms adapted to:
a) mountainous roads;
b) remote rural routes;
c) coastal corridors;
d) damaged or incomplete infrastructure;
e) logistical transport and rapid territorial access;
f) low-emission and electric mobility systems;
g) authorized institutional deployment.
Instruction shall include vehicle control, terrain assessment, route selection, load management, preventive maintenance and operational safety.
ARTICLE VII — EMERGENCY AND DISASTER-RESPONSE DRIVING
The School shall establish specialized instruction for vehicle operations conducted under disaster, evacuation, medical, logistical and humanitarian conditions.
Training shall address:
a) movement through damaged or obstructed routes;
b) emergency manoeuvring and convoy coordination;
c) transport of personnel, supplies and equipment;
d) flood, storm and post-seismic conditions;
e) communications and route reporting;
f) coordination with competent emergency authorities.
ARTICLE VIII — XARAGUAYAN ACADEMIC CORE
Every program of the School shall include direct instruction by the University of Xaragua in:
a) territorial geography and navigation corridors of Xaragua;
b) institutional orientation and operational responsibility;
c) maritime, aviation and land-mobility doctrine;
d) environmental conditions and territorial-access planning;
e) emergency logistics and community continuity;
f) the administrative framework governing authorized operations.
These components shall constitute the compulsory Xaraguayan Academic Core and shall remain under the exclusive authority of the University.
ARTICLE IX — DELEGATION AND ACCREDITATION
The foundation of the School shall not be interpreted as a declaration that Xaragua or the University directly owns every aircraft, vessel, vehicle, simulator, training ground, hangar, navigation system or technical installation required for instruction.
The School may fulfill its mandate through:
a) accreditation of external aviation schools, maritime academies, driving centres and technical institutions;
b) accreditation or appointment of qualified pilots, captains, navigators, instructors, mechanics and operational specialists;
c) recognition of approved external courses, licences, certifications and practical training;
d) delegation of flight, vessel, vehicle and simulator instruction to competent providers;
e) contractual or cooperative access to aircraft, vessels, vehicles, workshops and training infrastructure;
f) incorporation of approved external studies into University of Xaragua programs.
ARTICLE X — RETENTION OF UNIVERSITY AUTHORITY
The University of Xaragua shall retain exclusive authority over:
a) program establishment and academic orientation;
b) admission and student status;
c) institutional accreditation;
d) recognition and equivalency of external instruction;
e) assessment of the Xaraguayan Academic Core;
f) certification and conferral of University qualifications;
g) authorization to teach or operate in the name of the School.
External instruction shall not, by itself, confer authority to issue a University of Xaragua qualification or represent the School.
ARTICLE XI — QUALIFICATIONS AND OPERATIONAL AUTHORIZATIONS
Academic qualifications issued by the University shall certify completion of the approved program of study.
Where an activity requires a technical licence, registration or operational authorization issued by another competent authority, the School may recognize, incorporate or require that authorization without claiming to replace it.
University certification, external technical licensing and appointment to a Xaraguayan institutional function shall remain legally distinct acts.
ARTICLE XII — INTEGRATED MOBILITY DOCTRINE
The School shall treat air, sea and land mobility as components of a single territorial-access system.
Its programs shall promote interoperability between pilots, navigators, vehicle operators, logistics personnel, observation units and emergency services, thereby supporting:
a) territorial continuity;
b) access to remote communities;
c) inter-island and coastal circulation;
d) disaster response;
e) institutional logistics;
f) environmental and territorial observation.
ARTICLE XIII — PERMANENT CHARACTER
The institutional existence of the School shall not depend upon the continuous possession of any particular aircraft, vessel, vehicle, campus, simulator, licence agreement or external partnership.
Changes affecting equipment, instructors, service providers or training locations shall not suspend its legal personality, academic competence or founding mandate.
ARTICLE XIV — ENTRY INTO FORCE
This Founding Act enters into force upon promulgation by the Office of the Rector-President.
It shall be registered within the University of Xaragua and deposited in the General Archives of the State as the permanent constitutive instrument of the Xaragua School of Piloting and Navigation.

SOVEREIGN CATHOLIC INDIGENOUS AND PRIVATE STATE OF XARAGUA
OFFICE OF THE RECTOR-PRESIDENT
SUPREME CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY
UNIVERSITY OF XARAGUA
GENERAL ARCHIVES OF THE STATE
FOUNDING ACT OF THE XARAGUA SCHOOL OF METEOROLOGY, SEISMOLOGY AND CYCLONIC SURVEILLANCE
Institutional Classification: Constitutive Academic Instrument — Atmospheric and Geophysical Sciences Institution — Seismic and Cyclonic Surveillance Authority — Territorial Hazard Observation Framework
Founding Authority: Office of the Rector-President
Supervising Institution: University of Xaragua
Status: Permanent Scientific and Academic Institution of the State
PREAMBLE
By authority of the Sovereign Catholic Indigenous and Private State of Xaragua and within the academic order of the University of Xaragua;
Considering the maritime, mountainous, coastal, insular and tectonically active character of the territories associated with Xaragua;
Recognizing the recurrent exposure of the western regions of Hispaniola and their surrounding maritime domain to tropical cyclones, earthquakes, coastal surges, landslides, flooding, atmospheric instability and related natural hazards;
Determining that the systematic observation of atmospheric and geophysical phenomena constitutes an essential requirement of territorial knowledge, institutional preparedness and public security;
Affirming that the scientific capacity of Xaragua may be exercised through direct instruction, accredited external expertise, delegated technical operations, institutional cooperation and access to shared observation infrastructure;
The following Founding Act is hereby promulgated.
ARTICLE I — FOUNDATION
The Xaragua School of Meteorology, Seismology and Cyclonic Surveillance is hereby founded and permanently constituted as the specialized academic and scientific institution responsible for atmospheric observation, geophysical analysis, seismic surveillance, cyclonic monitoring and natural-hazard studies within the University of Xaragua.
The School shall operate under the academic authority of the University and the supreme institutional supervision of the Office of the Rector-President.
ARTICLE II — TERRITORIAL NECESSITY
The School is established in response to the structural vulnerability of a territory simultaneously exposed to:
a) Atlantic and Caribbean tropical systems;
b) hurricanes, tropical storms and extreme rainfall;
c) earthquakes and tectonic displacement;
d) coastal surges, marine flooding and abnormal wave activity;
e) landslides, soil instability and mountain-water interaction;
f) drought, heat variation and irregular climatic cycles;
g) the combined effects of seismic, atmospheric and maritime hazards.
The absence of continuous and territorially adapted scientific observation shall be treated as an institutional deficiency requiring permanent academic and technical correction.
ARTICLE III — SCIENTIFIC COMPETENCE
The School shall exercise academic and scientific competence in:
a) meteorology and atmospheric dynamics;
b) tropical climatology and cyclonic systems;
c) seismology and tectonic structures;
d) seismic-wave observation and earthquake classification;
e) coastal and maritime weather;
f) ocean–atmosphere interaction;
g) hydrometeorology, rainfall and flood conditions;
h) geophysical hazards and ground instability;
i) environmental data analysis and territorial risk modelling;
j) multi-hazard surveillance and scientific documentation.
ARTICLE IV — SEISMIC SURVEILLANCE
The School shall establish and coordinate a permanent framework for the observation, analysis and documentation of seismic phenomena affecting Xaragua and the surrounding region.
Its seismic mandate shall include:
a) monitoring recorded ground motion and seismic events;
b) identifying the location, depth, magnitude and recurrence of earthquakes;
c) studying active faults and regional tectonic structures;
d) maintaining historical and contemporary seismic records;
e) supporting seismic-risk mapping for coastal, insular, mountainous and urban zones;
f) examining the possible relationship between submarine earthquakes, coastal displacement and tsunami risk;
g) training personnel in the installation, operation and interpretation of seismographs, accelerometers and related sensors;
h) communicating verified seismic information to the competent Xaraguayan authorities.
ARTICLE V — CYCLONIC AND METEOROLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
The School shall maintain scientific observation of atmospheric systems capable of affecting Xaraguayan territory and its maritime approaches.
This function shall include:
a) monitoring tropical depressions, storms and hurricanes;
b) analysing trajectory, intensity, rainfall and wind conditions;
c) observing atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and precipitation;
d) assessing storm-surge and coastal-flooding conditions;
e) producing territorial impact analyses;
f) developing meteorological and cyclonic archives;
g) supporting institutional preparedness through scientific bulletins and technical assessments;
h) studying long-term climatic variation and changes in oceanic temperature affecting cyclone formation and intensification.
ARTICLE VI — ACADEMIC MANDATE
The School is authorized to establish courses, microprograms, certificates and articulated academic pathways in meteorology, climatology, seismology, geophysics, cyclonic surveillance and territorial-hazard observation.
It shall provide directly the compulsory Xaraguayan components relating to:
a) territorial orientation and institutional methodology;
b) the climatic and tectonic geography of Xaragua;
c) the history of earthquakes, cyclones and coastal disasters affecting the territory;
d) Xaraguayan doctrines of territorial surveillance and community preparedness;
e) Indigenous environmental knowledge and the interpretation of natural conditions;
f) the administrative use of atmospheric and geophysical information.
ARTICLE VII — DELEGATED SCIENTIFIC CAPACITY
The foundation of the School shall not be construed as a declaration that Xaragua or the University directly possesses every radar installation, satellite system, seismic station, supercomputer, laboratory, observation aircraft or specialized instrument necessary to perform its mandate.
The School may exercise its functions through:
a) accreditation of competent universities, meteorological institutes, seismic centres, laboratories and observatories;
b) recognition of external courses and technical programs;
c) accreditation of external professors, meteorologists, seismologists, geophysicists, engineers and technical instructors;
d) delegation of specialized instruction, data processing, equipment operation and field observation;
e) contractual or cooperative access to radar, satellite, seismic and maritime-observation systems;
f) commissioned studies and scientific services;
g) participation in regional and international information networks.
The University of Xaragua shall retain exclusive authority over academic orientation, accreditation, equivalency, assessment, certification and the incorporation of external instruction into Xaraguayan qualifications.
ARTICLE VIII — OBSERVATION NETWORK
The School may establish, operate, commission or coordinate a distributed observation network consisting of:
a) meteorological stations;
b) rainfall and river-level gauges;
c) coastal weather stations;
d) seismographs and accelerometric sensors;
e) ground-movement and landslide observation points;
f) maritime observation platforms;
g) digital data-reception and analysis systems;
h) community reporting stations operating under scientific protocols.
Such infrastructure may be owned directly, shared, leased, contracted or operated by duly accredited external institutions.
ARTICLE IX — DATA AND INSTITUTIONAL ARCHIVES
Atmospheric, seismic, climatic and geophysical information produced or commissioned under the authority of the School shall constitute scientific material of institutional interest.
The School shall maintain:
a) a Meteorological Register;
b) a Cyclonic Surveillance Archive;
c) a Seismic Events Register;
d) a Territorial Hazards Atlas;
e) a repository of historical disaster records;
f) a system for the publication of verified scientific bulletins.
Records of permanent institutional value shall be deposited with the University of Xaragua and the General Archives of the State.
ARTICLE X — SURVEILLANCE AND PUBLIC AUTHORITY
The School shall function simultaneously as:
a) an academic institution responsible for education and specialist formation;
b) a scientific institution responsible for research and data production;
c) a permanent surveillance structure responsible for monitoring atmospheric and geophysical threats;
d) a technical advisory body supporting territorial preparedness and institutional decision-making.
The School shall issue scientific assessments and surveillance information. Emergency orders, evacuations, security measures and executive decisions shall remain within the competence of the authorities designated by the laws of Xaragua.
ARTICLE XI — PERMANENT CHARACTER
The legal existence and academic mandate of the School shall not depend upon the continuous possession of any particular premises, radar, laboratory, satellite service, seismic instrument or external agreement.
Any alteration in equipment, technical providers, scientific partners or observation facilities shall not suspend its institutional personality, founding competence or permanent mandate.
ARTICLE XII — ENTRY INTO FORCE
This Founding Act enters into force upon promulgation by the Office of the Rector-President.
It shall be registered within the University of Xaragua and deposited in the General Archives of the State as the permanent constitutive instrument of the Xaragua School of Meteorology, Seismology and Cyclonic Surveillance.